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60 Questions on the Basics of Chemical Static Equipment 60 Questions on the Basics of Chemical Static Equipment 1. When a tower is used as a reaction vessel, it is called a (reaction tower). When used as a absorption device, it is called an (absorption tower). 2. Static equipment includes (reactors), (towers), (heat exchangers), (separation equipment), and (storage equipment). 3. Based on their internal structural characteristics, tower-type equipment can be divided into two main categories: (plate towers) and (packed towers). 4. The packing in a packed tower can be divided into two main categories: (random-packed packing) and (regular-packed packing). 5. List four different types of valves (gate valve, ball valve, globe valve, safety valve). 6. For tower-type equipment, gas usually enters from the (lower part) and exits from the (top part) ； The liquid enters from the (upper) side and exits from the (lower) side. 7. List four types of accessories for static equipment (safety valves, rupture discs, level gauges, thermometers, pressure gauges, valves, flow meters, etc.). 8. In the bolt M24×30, 24 refers to the (shaft diameter), and 30 refers to the (length). 9. A closed device in a chemical plant that is used to hold gases or liquids at a certain pressure is called a (pressure vessel). 10. Pressure vessels can be classified by pressure level as follows: (low-pressure vessels): 0.1MPa≤P＜1.6MPa; (medium-pressure vessels): 1.6MPa≤P＜10.0MPa; (high-pressure vessels): 10.0MPa≤P＜100.0MPa; (ultra-high-pressure vessels): P≥100.0MPa. 11. A tubular heat exchanger is mainly composed of: (shell), (tube bundle), (tube sheet), and (head). 12. Absolute pressure = (atmospheric pressure) + (gauge pressure). 13. A device that facilitates heat transfer between cold and hot fluids is called a heat exchanger; the larger the heat exchange area of such a device, the more heat can be transferred. 14. The commonly used heat exchangers in factories are mainly (tubular heat exchangers) and (plate heat exchangers). 15. A container generally consists of components such as (vessel body), (head), (flange), (support), and (manhole). 16. A flange connection consists of (a pair of flanges), (a gasket), and (multiple bolts and nuts). 17. In DN50-150LB marked on the valve body, “DN50” represents the (nominal diameter), while “150LB” represents the (nominal pressure). (Note: 150LB is approximately equivalent to PN20.) 18. Overpressure protection (safety valve), and air exclusion in drainage (drain valve). 19. Before testing the piping system, a (blind plate) should be installed to (isolate) the system from operational pipes, equipment, etc. 20. Valves are one of the pipe accessories, used to control the flow rate (pressure) and direction of the fluid in the pipeline. 21. The common connection methods for pipelines include: (welding), (flange connection), and (threaded connection). 22. The valve marked DN200 is an (8) inch valve. 23. When performing hydrostatic tests on austenitic stainless steel, the chloride content in the water should not exceed (25) ppm. 24. Generally speaking, elements (P) and (S) are harmful substances in steel. 25. The national standard PN20 refers to a pressure of (2.0) MPa, or (20) kilograms. 26. Comparison between American Class ratings and Chinese PN standards: Class 150 corresponds to PN20 (2.0 Mpa), Class 300 corresponds to PN50 (5.0 Mpa), and Class 600 corresponds to PN110. 27. Pipe designation: PG-613101-200-150B1-H; here, 200 represents the nominal diameter of the pipe, while 150 indicates a pressure rating of 150 LB. 28. When tightening the fastening bolts on the flanges, it is necessary to do so in a symmetrical manner. 29. Oxygen pipelines and accessories must be (degreased) before installation. 30. The supports on both sides of the horizontal heat exchanger: one side is the fixed end, while the other side is the sliding end (to provide a gap for thermal expansion). 31. External features of the tower: tall structure with a high length-diameter ratio. 32. The (sling post) is installed at the top of the tower and is primarily used for lifting the components inside the tower during installation and maintenance. 33. A distillation tower is a vessel used for distillation operations, and distillation is carried out primarily based on the differences in the (boiling point) of the substances. 34. An absorption tower is a tower used for performing absorption operations. The absorption process involves using an appropriate liquid as an absorbent to separate different components in a gas mixture, and it is primarily based on the varying (solubility) of each component in that liquid absorbent. 35. A burst disc, also known as an explosion-proof membrane, utilizes the (rupture) of the membrane to release pressure. 36. Pipes are equipped with insulation and heat retention measures to reduce heat loss and gain from their surfaces, thereby saving energy and maintaining a favorable working environment. 37. The skirt of a tower is usually divided into two types: (cylindrical) and (conical). 38. For the purposes of installation, maintenance, inspection, etc., (manholes) or (access holes) are usually provided on the tower. 39. The strength and hardness of the bolt should be (slightly higher than) those of the nut. 40. The design pressure of a container should be greater than or equal to its maximum operating pressure. 41. Spherical containers are mainly used in (high-pressure) equipment. 42. A pipe with a nominal diameter of DN20 is commonly referred to as a (6) branch pipe. 43. A safety valve is the most commonly used (safety pressure relief) device on pressure vessels. 44. Chemical processing equipment must possess both (strength) and (stiffness). 45. Based on the operating pressure, column equipment can be classified into: (pressurized columns), (atmospheric columns), and (reduced-pressure columns). 46. The shell of the tower and its equipment: Common towers are composed of cylinders with (equal diameter) and (equal thickness), along with upper and lower end caps. 47. The tower support is the structural element that connects the tower to the foundation. Due to the tall height and large weight of tower equipment, to ensure sufficient strength and stiffness, skirt supports are typically used, commonly referred to as skirt bases. 49. Hanger posts installed at the top of the tower, mainly used for lifting (tower internal components) during installation and maintenance. 50. The common types of safety valves include: (weight-lever type safety valve) and (spring type safety valve). 51. Chemical production processes generally feature (high temperature), (high pressure), low temperature, or vacuum. 52. Welding sites for pressure vessel platforms, ladders, etc. must have (pre-welded parts); the platforms and ladders are welded to these pre-welded parts, and direct welding to the equipment itself is prohibited. 53. Welding on the pressure vessel body is prohibited without permission. 54. If necessary, the foundation should be (textured and its surface cleaned) before the equipment is installed. 55. After the equipment is in place, leveling grouting must be carried out, and (shrinkage-free grouting material) should be used for this purpose. 56. After the equipment is in place, it needs to be checked (for elevation) ； Check whether there are any (debris) in the anchor bolt holes and whether there is water accumulation ； Before the second grouting, the base must be roughened, cleaned thoroughly by blowing, and moistened. Regular maintenance is required after grouting (≥7 days). 57. Before installing the internal components of the equipment, the surface should be cleaned of contaminants such as oil stains, welding slag, rust, sediment, and burrs. The interior of the equipment should be (cleaned thoroughly). 58. During pipeline inspections, it is necessary to check for (deformation) and (corrosion), ensure that the insulation layer is in good condition, and verify that the supports are secure. 59. Special attention should be paid to pipe joints and elbows for leaks; these areas are the weak points of the pipes and are prone to damage due to vibration. 60. For the D1222 type wound gasket, what do the digits in its designation mean (HG/T20631-2009)? D: Wound gasket with inner and outer reinforcement rings. First digit: Material of the outer ring: 1 – Low-carbon steel (20#). Second digit: Embedded material of the main body: 2 – 0Cr18Ni9 (304). Third digit: Outer covering material of the main body: 2 – Flexible graphite tape. Fourth digit: Material of the inner ring: 2 – 0Cr18Ni9 (304)