atmospheric tower

Top reflux is primarily used to remove heat from the top, so it affects the temperature at the top of the tower； From bottom to top in the tower, the gas load decreases, meaning the amount of gas becomes less, so the pressure also decreases

A fractionation tower is essentially a multi-stage thermal evaporation tower; it achieves the evaporation and condensation of substances with different boiling points by controlling various temperatures, and this is done by using cold reflux to remove the heat from within the evaporation tower.

For those multiple segments that are extracted, how is the extraction point determined? For example, why is the light component located at the top rather than somewhere lower?

In the large pot, broth is cooked; at the bottom, work is being done, while oil bubbles rise to the surface. The aroma fills the whole house, and the bones stick to the bottom of the pot. The same is true for oil; animal resins, skins, hairs, and excrement combined together form asphalt. The upper part contains corpse oil, and what rises to the surface is the foul smell – the volatile gases. Increase the heat, raise the temperature, so that the foul-smelling gases can be extracted for use as dry gas, gas, or liquefied gas. The broth at the bottom is then heated to extract the meat from it, and in the end, what remains is residue oil. Scrap is simply waste, trash, junk; however, because it contains animal glue and is sticky, it makes a good adhesive, which is why it is used for paving roads.

I understand this theoretical aspect as well; there are just a few points that I can’t figure out

Let’s put it this way: a bottle of wine contains water, alcohol, and flavoring additives. I’m not creating blended wine here; instead, I’m separating the components of wine in reverse. How do I do that? One method is evaporation, taking advantage of the different boiling points of various substances to evaporate them one after another. But you see, the components in this alcohol don’t behave as expected; when I heat it, not only ethanol is released, but water vapor is also produced. How can I separate them? So I use a method to vaporize all the alcohol at once; whether it’s alcohol, water, or essences, everything turns into gas. Then I arrange these gases in compartments within a steamer, and by using water for cooling based on the different freezing points of alcohol, water, and essences, water, alcohol, and essences are separated out in separate compartments. Of course, such a separation method cannot achieve 100% purity; there is wine in the water, and there is also water in the wine. What to do? Continue to separate these components in other containers – this is distillation. In industrial distillation, to obtain a single substance with high purity, multiple stages of distillation and extraction are usually employed; it is not possible to achieve 100% purity right away. Moreover, the higher the purity, the more difficult distillation becomes, and the narrower the temperature cut point – this is what fine chemical engineering is all about.

Backflow means the cold medium will naturally cool down