Regarding the pipe slope
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How is the slope of buried pipelines in different media determined, and are there any specific standards?
It can be difficult to control the slope of the pressure pipelines for pump-to-pump and pump-to-tank connections; in cases of gravity-fed pipelines, bulging is not allowed. The slope is determined based on the terrain – if the flow velocity is less than 1 m/s, a steeper slope can be used. This is mainly to prevent ash, rust, and other mechanical impurities from accumulating within the pipelines.