【Haichuan Anhuan Cup】--0012+Safety Technical Regulations for Demineralized Water Operations+*anpangpang

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This post was last edited by zhaolijun on 2015-8-9 at 16:01. Safety and Technical Operating Procedures for the Desalinated Water Unit 1 Scope: These standards specify certain precautions to be observed during the production process in the desalinated water unit of the power workshop, in order to ensure the safe operation of the desalinated water equipment as well as the personal safety of the operators； This standard applies to the desalinated water position in the power workshop. 2 Standard reference documents: «Regulations on the Safe Management of Chemicals», «Hazards and Prevention Measures for Common Chemicals», «Operating Procedures for the Power Workshop of Shaanxi Weihe Coal Chemical Group Co., Ltd.» 3 Safety regulations 3.1 Personnel working with desalinated water must receive technical training and pass relevant examinations before they can operate the equipment; in addition, they must undergo regular safety training and assessments. Apprentices and trainees are strictly not allowed to operate independently ； 3.2 The demineralized water operators must comply with the Power Workshop’s “Shift Handover Management System” and “Routine Inspection System” ； 3.2 The operational procedures for demineralized water handling must comply with the relevant provisions specified in the \"Power Plant Operating Procedures\" ； 4 Corrosive substances present in this work area 4.1 Salts, Acids 4.1.1 Molecular formula: HCl Molecular weight: 36.46 ； Appearance and properties: Colorless or slightly yellowish fuming liquid with a pungent acidic odor. 4.1.2 Health hazards: Exposure to its vapors or fumes can cause acute poisoning, leading to conjunctivitis, a burning sensation in the nasal and oral mucosa, nosebleeds, gum bleeding, and tracheitis. Accidental ingestion can cause burns and ulceration of the digestive tract; it may also lead to gastric perforation, peritonitis, etc. Contact with the eyes and skin can cause burns. Chronic effects: Prolonged exposure can cause chronic rhinitis, chronic bronchitis, tooth erosion, and skin damage. 4.1.3 Environmental hazards: It is harmful to the environment and can pollute water bodies and soil. 4.1.4 Fire and explosion hazard: This product is non-flammable, but it is highly corrosive and irritating, and can cause burns to the human body. 4.1.5 First aid measures 4.1.5.1 Skin contact: Immediately remove contaminated clothing and rinse with plenty of flowing water for at least 15 minutes. Seek medical attention. 4.1.5.2 Eye contact: Immediately lift the eyelids and rinse thoroughly with plenty of flowing water or saline for at least 15 minutes. Seek medical attention. 4.1.5.3 Inhalation: Quickly leave the area and go to a place with fresh air. Keep the airways clear. If there is difficulty breathing, administer oxygen. If breathing stops, perform artificial respiration immediately. Seek medical attention. 4.1.5.4 Ingestion: Rinse the mouth with water and give milk or egg white to drink. Seek medical attention. 4.1.6 Emergency response to leaks: Quickly evacuate people from the area contaminated by the leak to a safe zone, isolate it, and strictly restrict access. It is recommended that emergency responders wear self-contained positive-pressure breathing apparatus and acid-alkali resistant protective clothing. Do not come into direct contact with the spill. Seal the source of leakage as much as possible. Minor leaks: Mix with sand, dry lime, or soda ash. It can also be rinsed with plenty of water; after dilution, the rinse water is discharged into the wastewater system. Large spill: Build a dike or dig a pit to contain it. Transfer using a pump into a tank truck or specialized collector, and recycle it or transport it to a waste disposal facility for disposal. 4.1.7 Handling and Storage 4.1.7.1 Handling Precautions: Operate in a sealed environment and ensure proper ventilation. Make the operations as mechanized and automated as possible. Operators must receive specialized training and strictly adhere to the operating procedures. It is recommended that operators wear a self-contained filtering respirator (full facepiece), rubber acid- and alkali-resistant clothing, and rubber acid- and alkali-resistant gloves. Keep away from flammable and combustible materials. Prevent steam from leaking into the workplace air. Avoid contact with alkalis, amines, and alkali metals. Handle with care during transportation to prevent damage to the packaging and containers. Equipped with leak emergency response equipment. Empty containers may still contain harmful substances. 4.1.7.2 Storage precautions: Store in a cool, well-ventilated warehouse. The storage temperature should not exceed 30°C, and the relative humidity should not exceed 85%. Keep the container sealed. It should be stored separately from alkalis, amines, alkali metals, and flammable materials; mixed storage is strictly prohibited. The storage area should be equipped with emergency response equipment for leaks and appropriate containment materials. 4.1.8 Personal protection 4.1.8.1 Respiratory protection: When there is a possibility of exposure to its fumes, wear a self-priming filter-type respirator (full-face mask) or an air respirator. It is recommended to wear an oxygen respirator during emergency rescue or evacuation. 4.1.8.2 Eye protection: Protection is provided under respiratory protection. 4.1.8.3 Personal protection: Wear acid- and alkali-resistant rubber clothing. 4.1.8.4 Hand protection: Wear rubber acid- and alkali-resistant gloves. 4.1.8.5 Other protections: Smoking, eating, and drinking are prohibited at the work site. After finishing work, take a shower and change clothes. Store the clothes contaminated with toxins separately and wash them before using them again. Maintain good hygiene* habits. 4.2 Liquid Caustic 4.2.1 Physical and Chemical Properties Appearance and characteristics: Liquid caustic is a colorless or slightly dark-red viscous liquid. 4.2.2 Toxicological properties: Highly irritating and corrosive. Irritates the throat and respiratory tract ； Direct contact with the skin and eyes can cause burns ； Accidental ingestion can cause burns to the digestive tract, mucosal erosion, bleeding, and shock. 4.2.3 First aid measures 4.2.3.1 Skin contact: Immediately remove contaminated clothing and rinse with plenty of flowing water for at least 15 minutes. Seek medical attention. 4.2.3.2 Eye contact: Immediately lift the eyelids and rinse thoroughly with plenty of flowing water or saline for at least 15 minutes. Seek medical attention. 4.2.3.3 Inhalation: Quickly leave the area and go to a place with fresh air. Keep the airway unobstructed. If there is difficulty breathing, administer oxygen. If breathing stops, perform artificial respiration immediately. Seek medical attention. 4.2.3.4 Ingestion: Rinse the mouth with water; give milk or egg whites to drink. Seek medical attention. 4.2.4 Emergency response to leaks: Isolate the area contaminated by the leak, restrict access, collect and recover the material, then rinse it with large amounts of water; the rinse water should be discharged into the wastewater system. 4.2.5 Operation, Handling, and Storage 4.2.5.1 Precautions for operation and handling: Operators must receive specialized training and hold relevant certificates to work, and they must strictly adhere to the process procedures and operational guidelines. Operators must wear acid- and alkali-resistant clothing, acid- and alkali-resistant gloves, and protective goggles. Avoid contact with acids. Handle with care during transportation to prevent damage to the packaging and containers. Equipped with leak emergency response equipment. Care should be taken to empty the residues from the container. When diluting or preparing a solution, add the alkali to water to avoid boiling and splashing. 4.2.5.2 Storage precautions: It should be stored separately from flammable or combustible materials, acids, etc.; mixing during storage is strictly prohibited. The storage area should be equipped with suitable materials to contain leaks. The liquid caustic storage tank should be enclosed by a dike and equipped with clear markings. 4.2.6 Personal protection 4.2.6.1 Respiratory protection: When there is a risk of exposure to its dust, it is necessary to wear a hooded, powered-air or filtered dust respirator. Wear acid- and alkali-resistant clothing, acid- and alkali-resistant gloves, and protective glasses. Wear an air (oxygen) respirator if necessary. 4.2.6.2 Eye protection: Protection is already provided in respiratory protection, or protective goggles are worn. 4.2.6.3 Personal protection: Wear acid- and alkali-resistant clothing. 4.2.6.4 Hand protection: Wear acid- and alkali-resistant gloves. 4.2.6.5 Other protections: Smoking, eating, and drinking are prohibited in the workplace; hands must be washed before meals. After finishing work, take a shower and change clothes. Pay attention to personal hygiene. 4.3 Sodium bisulfite
4.3.1 Physical and chemical properties:
4.3.1.1 Appearance and characteristics: White crystalline powder with a sulfur dioxide odor. 4.3.1.2 Molecular formula: NaHSO3 4.3.2 Hazard category: 4.3.2.1 Health hazards: Irritating to skin, eyes, and respiratory tract; may cause allergic reactions. It can cause corneal damage, leading to blindness. Can cause asthma ； High oral doses cause nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea, circulatory failure, and central nervous system depression. 4.3.2.2 Environmental hazards: It is harmful to the environment and can cause pollution to water bodies. 4.3.2.3 Fire and explosion hazard: This product is non-flammable but corrosive and can cause burns to the human body. 4.3.3 First aid measures 4.3.3.1 Skin contact: Immediately remove contaminated clothing and rinse with plenty of flowing water. Seek medical attention. 4.3.3.2 Eye contact: Immediately lift the eyelids and rinse thoroughly with plenty of flowing water or saline for at least 15 minutes. Seek medical attention. 4.3.3.3 Inhalation: Quickly leave the area and move to a place with fresh air. Keep the airways clear. If there is difficulty breathing, administer oxygen. If breathing stops, perform artificial respiration immediately. Seek medical attention. 4.3.3.4 Ingestion: Drink plenty of warm water and induce vomiting. Seek medical attention. 4.3.4 Fire prevention measures 4.3.4.1 Hazardous characteristics: It has strong reductive properties. Contact with acids or acidic gases can produce toxic gases. It releases toxic gases upon high-temperature decomposition. Corrosive. 4.3.4.2 Harmful combustion products: sulfur oxides, sodium oxide. 4.3.4.3 Fire extinguishing methods: Firefighters must wear full-body acid- and alkali-resistant fire protection suits. When extinguishing a fire, move the container away from the fire site to an open area as much as possible. Then, select the appropriate extinguishing agent to put out the fire based on its cause. 4.3.5 Emergency response to leaks 4.3.5.1 Emergency measures: Isolate the area affected by the leak and restrict access to it. It is recommended that emergency responders wear dust masks and acid-resistant suits. Do not come into direct contact with the spill. 4.3.5.2 Minor leaks: Avoid dust generation; carefully sweep up the material and collect it in a dry, clean, covered container. 4.3.5.3 Massive leakage: Collect, recycle, or transport to a waste disposal facility for disposal. 4.3.6 Handling and Storage 4.3.6.1 Handling Precautions: Operate in a sealed environment with local exhaust ventilation. Prevent dust from being released into the workshop air. Operators must receive specialized training and strictly adhere to the operating procedures. It is recommended that operators wear self-priming filter dust masks, chemical safety goggles, acid- and alkali-resistant rubber clothing, and acid- and alkali-resistant rubber gloves. Avoid generating dust. Avoid contact with oxidizers, acids, and bases. Equipped with leak emergency response equipment. Empty containers may still contain harmful substances. 4.3.6.2 Storage precautions: Store in a cool, well-ventilated warehouse. Keep away from sources of fire and heat. Protect from direct sunlight. The package is sealed. It should be stored separately from oxidizers, acids, and bases; mixed storage is strictly prohibited. It should not be stored for long to avoid spoilage. The storage area should be equipped with suitable materials to contain leaks. 4.3.7 Contact control/individual protection 4.3.7.1 Engineering controls: enclosed operations, local exhaust ventilation. 4.3.7.2 Respiratory protection: When the dust concentration in the air exceeds the permissible level, a self-priming filter-type dust mask must be worn. An air respirator should be worn during emergency rescue or evacuation. 4.3.7.3 Eye protection: Wear chemical safety goggles. 4.3.7.4 Personal protection: Wear acid- and alkali-resistant rubber clothing. 4.3.7.5 Hand protection: Wear rubber acid- and alkali-resistant gloves. 4.3.7.6 Other protections: Smoking, eating, and drinking are prohibited in the workplace; hands must be washed before meals. After finishing work, take a shower and change clothes. Maintain good hygiene* habits. 4.4 Sodium hypochlorite 4.4.1 Physical and chemical properties: 4.4.1.1 Appearance and characteristics: A slightly yellow solution with an odor similar to that of chlorine gas. 4.4.1.2 Molecular formula: NaOCI 4.4.2 Hazard category: 4.4.2.1 Health hazards: Workers who frequently come into contact with this substance experience excessive sweating on their palms, thinning nails, and hair loss. This product has an allergenic effect. The free chlorine released by this product may cause poisoning. 4.4.2.2 Fire and explosion hazards: This product is non-flammable, corrosive, and can cause burns to the human body; it is also allergenic. 4.4.3 First aid measures 4.4.3.1 Skin contact: Remove contaminated clothing and rinse with plenty of flowing water. 4.4.3.2 Eye contact: Lift the eyelids and rinse with flowing water or saline. Seek medical attention. 4.4.3.3 Inhalation: Quickly leave the area and go to a place with fresh air. Keep the airways clear. If there is difficulty breathing, administer oxygen. If breathing stops, perform artificial respiration immediately. Seek medical attention. 4.4.3.4 Ingestion: Drink plenty of warm water and induce vomiting. Seek medical attention. 4.4.4 Fire-fighting measures 4.4.4.1 Hazardous characteristics: Decomposes under high heat to produce toxic and corrosive fumes. Corrosive. 4.4.4.2 Hazardous combustion products: chlorides. 4.4.4.3 Fire extinguishing methods: Use fogged water, carbon dioxide, and sand to extinguish the fire. 4.4.5 Emergency response to leaks 4.4.5.1 Emergency measures: Quickly evacuate people from the area affected by the leak to a safe zone, and isolate it while strictly restricting access. It is recommended that emergency responders wear self-contained positive-pressure breathing apparatus and acid-alkali resistant protective clothing. Do not come into direct contact with the spill. Seal the source of leakage as much as possible. 4.4.5.2 Minor leaks: Absorb with sand, vermiculite, or other inert materials. 4.4.5.3 Massive leakage: Build dikes or dig pits to contain it. Cover with foam to reduce vapor damage. Transfer using a pump into a tank truck or specialized collector, and recycle it or transport it to a waste disposal facility for disposal. 4.4.6 Handling and Storage 4.4.6.1 Handling Precautions: Operate in a sealed environment with adequate ventilation. Operators must receive specialized training and strictly adhere to the operating procedures. It is recommended that operators wear direct-type gas masks (half-masks), chemical safety goggles, corrosion-resistant work clothing, and rubber gloves. Prevent steam from leaking into the workplace air. Avoid contact with acids. Handle with care during transportation to prevent damage to the packaging and containers. Equipped with leak emergency response equipment. Empty containers may still contain harmful substances. 4.3.6.2 Storage precautions: Store in a cool and well-ventilated warehouse. Keep away from sources of fire and heat. The storage temperature should not exceed 30°C. It should be stored separately from acids; mixed storage is strictly prohibited. The storage area should be equipped with emergency response equipment for leaks and appropriate containment materials. 4.4.7 Contact control/individual protection 4.4.7.1 Engineering controls: The production process should be enclosed, with comprehensive ventilation in place. Provide safety showers and eye wash stations. 4.4.7.2 Respiratory protection: In environments with high concentrations, a direct-type gas mask (half-mask) should be worn. 4.4.7.3 Eye protection: Wear chemical safety goggles. 4.4.7.4 Personal protection: Wear anti-corrosion work clothes. 4.4.7.5 Hand protection: Wear rubber gloves. 4.4.7.6 Other protections: Smoking, eating, and drinking are prohibited at the work site. After finishing work, take a shower and change clothes. Pay attention to personal hygiene. 5 Precautions for working with acids, liquid alkalis, sodium bisulfite, and sodium hypochlorite 5.1 When unloading vehicles containing alkalis, be vigilant to prevent leaks; if a leak is detected, stop the unloading process immediately and report it so that emergency measures can be taken. 5.2 When transporting salts and acids, pay close attention to the level gauges of the storage tanks to prevent overflow. 5.3 When dissolving sodium bisulfite and sodium hypochlorite, be careful to prevent the dissolution tank from overflowing. 5.4 Protective equipment must be worn when dissolving sodium bisulfite and sodium hypochlorite solutions. 5.5 When transporting salts, acids, liquid alkalis, sodium bisulfite, and sodium hypochlorite solutions, as well as operating valves, protective equipment must be worn in accordance with the regulations. 6 Safety Procedures for Desalinated Water Transportation 6.1 To start the desalination pump, it is necessary to follow the startup procedures for centrifugal pumps. 6.2 When starting and stopping the desalination pump, or adjusting the water flow rate and pressure, it is essential to maintain communication with the boiler operator. 6.3 When adjusting the flow rate and pressure of the deionized water, the operation must be carried out slowly; rapid opening and closing that causes significant pressure fluctuations are strictly prohibited.