Briefly describe the working principles of the main water distribution system types in cooling towers?

Water is evenly sprayed onto the condensing device or the watering device through the spraying mechanism in the cooling tower, absorbing heat and evaporating rapidly to achieve the purpose of cooling. 1. Tubular water distribution: Tubular water distribution consists of main pipes and branch pipes. Branch pipes extend from the main pipe, and nozzles and orifices are designed in the water supply section. Nozzle water distribution requires a certain water pressure, therefore the pressure provided by a water pump is necessary. The water holes are located on the water supply pipes, inclined at a horizontal angle of 45 degrees, with a diameter of approximately 4–5 mm. A rotary-type water distributor features fine slits designed on the water distribution pipe, through which the spray water flows out under pressure. And it uses the force of water as power for rotation. Water is distributed evenly over the surface of the condenser. 2. Grooved water distribution: Grooved water distribution consists of a water tank, nozzles, and splash discs. The water passes through the distribution tray and flows out through the nozzles. Under the effect of gravity, as it falls onto the splash dish, it breaks into small droplets or mist, ensuring even distribution of the water. Sink water distribution is a water distribution system that has been used for a relatively long time. When designing the water distribution device, the water tank can be shaped in various ways; the most common shapes are tree-like and ring-shaped. The spacing between various elements is determined based on the actual area required for water distribution. Generally, the range over which water is distributed is determined by the spread of water droplets resulting from the fall of water. The greater the height difference, the greater the acceleration of the water flow, which in turn increases the range over which water droplets are spread. Generally, the splash dish is located 0.5–0.7 m below the nozzle, and its splash radius is also 0.5–0.8 m. Therefore, the spacing between nozzles is usually set at 0–1.0 m. 3. Water distribution in the tank: Water distribution in the tank involves designing a tank above the sprinkling device; holes are made at the bottom of this tank, with a diameter of 5–10 mm. Water flows directly into the tank and then seeps through these holes at the bottom of the tank to reach the sprinkling device. At the initial stage of design, the minimum water storage temperature was determined. When the water depth is 10 cm, the rate at which water leaks is affected. This method is more commonly used in cross-flow cooling towers. Cross-flow cooling towers have air outlet on one side only.

It is evenly sprayed onto the condensation device or watering device through the spraying mechanism in the cooling tower, thereby absorbing heat and evaporating rapidly to achieve the purpose of cooling. There are three types of water distribution systems for cooling towers. They are: 1. Tubular water distribution device ； 2. Grooved water distribution device ； 3. There are three types of water distribution methods for pools. Its working principle: 1. Tubular water distribution – Tubular water distribution consists of main pipes and branch pipes. Branch pipes extend from the main pipe, and nozzles and orifices are designed in the water supply section. Nozzle water distribution requires a certain water pressure, therefore the pressure provided by a water pump is necessary. The water holes are located on the water supply pipes, inclined at a horizontal angle of 45 degrees, with a diameter of approximately 4–5 mm. A rotary-type water distributor features fine slits designed on the water distribution pipe, through which the spray water flows out under pressure. And it uses the force of water as power for rotation. Water is distributed evenly over the surface of the condenser. 2. Grooved water distribution: Grooved water distribution consists of a water tank, nozzles, and splash discs. The water passes through the distribution tray and flows out through the nozzles. Under the effect of gravity, as it falls onto the splash dish, it breaks into small droplets or mist, ensuring even distribution of the water. Sink water distribution is a water distribution system that has been used for a relatively long time. When designing the water distribution device, the water tank can be shaped in various ways; the most common shapes are tree-like and ring-shaped. The spacing between various elements is determined based on the actual area required for water distribution. Generally, the range over which water is distributed is determined by the spread of water droplets resulting from the fall of water. The greater the height difference, the greater the acceleration of the water flow, which in turn increases the range over which water droplets are spread. Generally, the splash dish is located 0.5–0.7 m below the nozzle, and its splash radius is also 0.5–0.8 m. Therefore, the spacing between nozzles is usually set at 0–1.0 m. 3. Water distribution in the tank: Water distribution in the tank involves designing a tank above the sprinkling device; holes are made at the bottom of this tank, with a diameter of 5–10 mm. Water flows directly into the tank and then seeps through these holes at the bottom of the tank to reach the sprinkling device. At the initial stage of design, the minimum water storage temperature was determined. When the water depth is 10 cm, the rate at which water leaks is affected. This method is more commonly used in cross-flow cooling towers. Cross-flow cooling towers have air outlet on one side only.

1. Tubular water distribution device； 2. Grooved water distribution device ； 3. There are three types of water distribution methods for pools.

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