In-depth explanation of 20 types of severe damage – essential knowledge for everyone who cares about safety!

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This post was last edited by yinkuilin6868 on 2015-12-11 at 13:10. As we all know, according to the \"Classification Standard for Work-related Injuries and Accidents of Enterprise Employees\" (GB 6441-1986), accidents can be classified into 20 categories such as object strikes. However, when faced with actual situations, some people find it difficult to determine exactly what type of accident a particular incident belongs to. Let’s take a closer look at these basic concepts. I. Object strike refers to injury accidents caused by the inertial force of out-of-control objects. Injuries caused by falling objects, rolling stones, hammering, fragmentation, collapse of materials, etc., are included; injuries resulting from explosions, main mechanical equipment, vehicles, lifting machinery, collapses, and similar situations are not included. II. Vehicle-related injuries refer to mechanical injury accidents caused by the company’s motor vehicles. Accidents such as squeezing, crushing, collisions, or overturning of motor vehicles while in motion; accidents caused by getting on or off vehicles while they are moving, riding in mine carts, or releasing vehicles; as well as accidents related to vehicle coupling and runaway vehicles. III. Mechanical injuries refer to injuries caused by mechanical equipment and tools, such as entanglement, crushing, collision, cutting, stabbing, and slicing. Such as workpieces or cutting tools flying out and injuring people, chips injuring people, hands or parts of the body getting caught, hands or other areas being injured by cutting tools, or being crushed by rotating mechanisms. Common mechanical equipment that can harm the human body includes: belt conveyors, ball mills, cranes, winches, drying machines, air hammers, lathes, roller machines, sand mixers, screw conveyors, pumps, molding presses, enema machines, crushers, coke pushers, oil presses, vulcanizing machines, unloading machines, centrifuges, mixers, rollers, felt spreading machines, and drum screens. Except in the case of vehicles and lifting equipment. IV. Lifting injuries. Lifting injury accidents refer to incidents that occur during various lifting operations (including lifting, installation, maintenance, and testing), such as the falling of heavy objects (including lifting gear, loads, or boom sections), crushing, object strikes, crane overturns, and electric shocks. V. Electric shock refers to an accident in which electric current flows through the human body, causing physiological damage. Suitable for electric shock and lightning injury. Such as when a person comes into contact with the metal casing of a live electrical device or exposed temporary wires, as well as leaky hand-held power tools ； Crane equipment accidentally touches high-voltage lines or live conductors ； Lightning strike damage ； Accidents such as electric shock and falls. VI. Drowning refers to an accident in which a large amount of water enters the lungs through the mouth and nose, causing obstruction of the respiratory tract and leading to acute hypoxia and death by asphyxiation. Applicable to drowning accidents that occur during navigation, berthing, or operations of ships, rafts, and facilities. VII. Burns refer to injuries caused by strong acids or bases splashing onto the body, burns resulting from flames, scalds caused by hot objects, and skin damage caused by radiation, among other such accidents. Suitable for burns, scalds, chemical burns, radiation-induced skin damage, and other such injuries. Burns caused by electric shock and fire accidents are not included. VIII. Fires refer to industrial fire accidents that result in casualties. It does not apply to fires caused by reasons other than business-related issues, such as a fire in a residential area spreading to a business. Such accidents rank among those recorded by the fire department. IX. Fall from height refers to injury accidents caused by a dangerous difference in gravitational potential energy. It is suitable for falls from above ground level in applications such as scaffolding, platforms, and work on steep slopes, as well as for situations where one loses their footing on mountain surfaces and falls into holes, pits, ditches, lift shafts, funnels, etc. However, falls triggered by other categories are excluded. For example, in cases of work at heights where a fall occurs due to electric shock, it should be classified as an electric shock accident and not as a fall from height. X. Collapse refers to accidents caused by the collapse of buildings, structures, piles, etc., as well as by landslides and rockfalls. Applicable to collapses caused by unreasonable design or construction, as well as sinkage incidents involving soil and rock. Such as building collapses, scaffolding collapses, and the collapse of soil and rock when digging ditches, pits, or holes. Not applicable to roof and slope collapse accidents in mines, or collapse accidents caused by explosions. 11. Roof and sidewall collapse refers to the collapse of the working face or the side walls of tunnels in a mine, caused by inadequate support or excessive pressure; this is known as sidewall collapse ； The collapse of the roof is known as a roof fall. The two often occur simultaneously, referred to simply as roof caving and sidewall failure. Suitable for collapse accidents that occur in mines, underground mining, tunneling, and other tunnel operations. XII. Water inrush refers to casualties caused by unexpected water sources during mining, underground extraction, or other tunneling operations. Suitable for accidents involving water inrush that occur when shafts and tunnels are in contact with water-bearing rock layers, underground aquifers, karst caves, or flooded tunnels and surface water bodies. Not applicable to surface water disaster incidents. 13. Blasting refers to casualties caused by blasting operations during construction. Suitable for various blasting operations. Injuries and deaths caused by blasting operations carried out in projects such as quarrying, mining, coal mining, mountain excavation, road construction, and building demolition. 14. A gas explosion refers to a chemical explosion that occurs when flammable gases, coal dust, and air combine to form a mixture that reaches its ignition limit, and this mixture comes into contact with a fire source. It is mainly suitable for coal mines, as well as for areas with poor air circulation where gas and coal dust accumulate. 15. **Explosion** refers to **explosion accidents that occur during production, transportation, or storage**. It is applicable to chemical explosion accidents that occur **during** production, in the stages of mixing ingredients, transportation, storage, and processing, as a result of vibration, open flames, friction, static electricity, or thermal decomposition; accidents that arise from excessive storage time or too large quantities of stored material; as well as explosion accidents caused by residual ** or ** resulting from improper handling of waste materials during metal melting. 16. Boiler explosion refers to a physical explosion accident that occurs in a boiler. It is applicable to steam boilers (hereinafter referred to as boilers) that use water as the working medium and have a working pressure of over 0.7 gauge atmospheres (0.07 MPa), but it is not applicable to boilers on railway locomotives and ships, nor to those in train power stations and ship power stations. 17. Container explosion: A container (short for pressure vessel) refers to a sealed device that is prone to accidents and poses significant hazards in case of such accidents, as it is subjected to pressure loads. A container explosion is a gas explosion caused by the rupture of a pressure vessel, that is, a physical explosion. It occurs when the flammable liquefied gas contained within the vessel evaporates immediately after the vessel breaks, mixes with the surrounding air to form an explosive gas mixture, and then undergoes a chemical reaction upon encountering a source of fire; this is also known as a secondary explosion of the vessel. 18. Other explosions: Any accidents that do not fall under the aforementioned categories of explosions are classified as other explosion accidents, such as: 1) Explosions resulting from the mixing of flammable gases like gas or acetylene with air ； 2) Explosive gas mixtures formed by the combination of flammable vapors and air, such as those caused by gasoline vapors ； 3) Explosions caused by explosive gas mixtures formed by the combination of combustible dusts and combustible fibers with air ； 4) An accident in which combustible gases formed indirectly mix with air, or combustible vapors mix with air (such as combustible solids and self-igniting materials that, when exposed to heat, water, or oxidizing agents, react rapidly to produce combustible gases or vapors which mix with air to form explosive gases), leading to an explosion upon contact with a fire source. Furnace explosions, explosions of molten steel tanks, and explosions caused by flax dust all fall under the category of explosions mentioned above; they are also considered other types of explosions. 19. Poisoning and asphyxiation refer to acute poisoning incidents that occur when people are exposed to toxic substances, such as ingesting poisonous food or breathing in toxic gases. Asphyxiation, on the other hand, refers to accidents in which people working in poorly ventilated areas such as abandoned tunnels, shafts, culverts, and underground pipes suffer sudden fainting or even death due to a lack of oxygen. These two phenomena combine to form what is known as poisoning and suffocation accidents. It does not apply to accidents caused by poisoning and asphyxiation resulting from pathological changes, nor to deaths caused by occupational diseases resulting from chronic poisoning. 20. Other injuries: Any accidents that do not fall under the aforementioned types of injuries are considered other injuries, such as sprains, falls, frostbite, bites by wild animals, and puncture wounds from nails.