【Daily Question】12.12 Short Answer: How to maintain electrical equipment?

1. Keep the equipment clean； 2. Maintain a proper lubrication system and add various lubricants on time ； 3. The maintenance equipment is well kept, with neat wiring ； 4. Comply with safety operating procedures, avoid overloading the equipment, and ensure that its safety devices are complete and reliable.

1. The exterior of distribution panels and cabinets should be kept clean; the maintenance frequency is 1 time per month； 2. Electrical instruments should have a clean exterior, normal display, and secure fixation; the maintenance frequency is once per month ； 3. Relays, AC contactors, circuit breakers, and knife switches should have clean exteriors, intact contacts, no signs of overheating, and no noise. The maintenance frequency is: once per month ； 4. The control circuit should be properly crimped, clearly labeled, with no discoloration or aging of the insulation; the maintenance frequency is once per month ； 5. The indicator lights, buttons, and switches should have clean exteriors, clear markings, be firm and reliable, and operate smoothly. The maintenance frequency is: 1 time per month ； 6. The busbars should be clean, properly pressed together, have clear color coding, and excellent insulation; the maintenance frequency is once per year ； 7. The distribution panels and cabinets should be properly grounded for ground resistance testing, with a maintenance frequency of once per year ； 8. The operating mechanism should be flexible and easy to use; the maintenance cycle is: 1 time every six months ； 9. The isolating switch should have proper contacts and function properly in opening and closing; the maintenance cycle is once every six months.

Maintain cleanliness, conduct regular inspections, and perform periodic testing, replacement, and repairs

Use strong fans, brushes, etc. to remove dust from the surface and interior of electrical components; check for any overheating in the electrical connections and tighten them as necessary; inspect the static and dynamic contacts of the contactors for arcing or sparking issues and repair them (including ensuring proper synchronization of the contactors); for inverters and PLCs, it is also necessary to check whether their cooling systems are functioning properly; if motors are involved, their bearings and coils should be checked regularly as well

How to maintain electrical equipment? Be careful to keep it dry and free of dust on its surface; protect it from sunlight, as excessive solar radiation can damage the surface of the appliance. Also, make sure to turn off the switch when it is not in use for extended periods to prevent fires. It is prohibited to spray or drip corrosive liquids such as water, steam, acids, and alkalis, or organic materials, onto electrical equipment. If the motor housing temperature exceeds 50°C, the bearing temperature rise exceeds 45°C, or there are sparks or abnormal noises, the electrician should be notified immediately to conduct an inspection and take action. Before starting the motor, it is necessary to turn the shaft by hand; it is strictly prohibited to use the starting motor in place of manual shaft turning.

How to maintain electrical equipment? The “six no’s” rules for electrical equipment stipulate that equipment shall not be combined improperly, and operation under conditions of overpressure, overspeed, overload, or overheating is strictly prohibited ； Do not operate, dismantle, cut, or weld randomly ； It is not allowed to modify the adjustment values arbitrarily; safety devices must not be disabled under any circumstances ； Operation without lubrication is not allowed ； Persons who fail the examination are not allowed to operate the equipment or carry out maintenance work independently ； Unqualified personnel are not allowed to operate or maintain the equipment.

How to maintain electrical equipment? Production equipment can be regarded as the foundation of industrial development and the cornerstone for a company’s survival. Whether it is complex and advanced CNC machining equipment or sanders with simple functions and structures, to make the most of these tools and achieve optimal efficiency, proper operation and careful maintenance are essential so that they can serve the company to the best of their capacity. Proper operation can prevent abnormal wear of the machine tool and avoid sudden failures ； Proper routine maintenance helps keep the equipment in good technical condition, slows down the process of degradation, and allows for the early detection and elimination of potential faults, thereby ensuring safe operation. Proper maintenance methods can reduce time, improve efficiency, and minimize unnecessary losses. However, among the many maintenance technicians, there are various opinions regarding repair methods; ultimately, they all revolve around inspection, auscultation, inquiry, palpation, testing, diagnosis, identification of faults, and replacement. 1. Inspection: The first thing that maintenance technicians do when they arrive at the site is to inspect whether the positions of all operating components are correct, whether there are any alarm indications from the electronic control units, whether any fuses have blown, whether there are any obvious cracks or defects in the components, and whether the wires and cables are properly connected. This is very effective for simple faults that can be observed with the naked eye. 2. As experienced repair technicians know, whenever a fault occurs in a device’s electrical circuit or components – whether it’s a short circuit, overload, incorrect grounding, loose connections, poor contact between contacts, poor soldering, failed solder joints, or a blown fuse – heat is generated, which causes insulating materials to emit irritating odors. If we can quickly identify the source of these odors, it’s as if we’re at the scene of the problem right away, which saves us a lot of time and allows for more targeted repairs. Question 3: As maintenance personnel, we are not witnesses at the scene of the incident; it is the operators who are. When visual inspection and listening to sounds do not yield any results, we need to question our witnesses. Based on their accounts, we can identify any abnormalities in the equipment’s operation compared to normal conditions, which helps us narrow down the area where we need to look. 4. Inspection: By \"inspection,\" we mean something similar to what an old traditional Chinese doctor does when taking a patient’s pulse. After asking various questions, we can also \"take the pulse\" of these electronic components by feeling their temperature with our hands; this way, we might suddenly notice that one component is overheating abnormally. 5 measurements: that is, measuring voltage and measuring resistance ； The method mentioned earlier can take us directly to the center of the accident site; thereafter, measurements need to be carried out. The voltage and current values at various points should be measured and compared with normal values, and resistances should be checked to determine whether there are any open circuits. In the case of a short circuit or ground fault in a circuit with 6 breaks, multiple parallel branches, and complex control mechanisms, there are usually obvious external signs, such as smoking or sparks. When there is a short circuit or ground fault inside the motor or in a circuit with a cover, apart from the fuse blowing, no other external signs are easily detectable. In this case, it is possible to gradually disconnect this portion of the load for inspection. The melt can be replaced, and in a multi-path cross-linked circuit, the paths can be disconnected one by one or selectively, after which power is applied for testing. This method is simple, but it can easily cause electrical components that are not severely damaged to be completely destroyed. 7 Short circuits: Most faults in equipment circuits or electrical appliances are short circuits, overloads, open circuits, grounding issues, and wiring errors. These include broken wires, loose connections, looseness, poor contact at contacts, weak soldering, failed soldering, and blown fuses. For such faults, in addition to the resistance method and voltage method for inspection, there is a simpler and more reliable method, which is the short-circuit method. The method involves using a well-insulated wire to short-circuit the suspected broken section; if the circuit resumes normal operation after being short-circuited at a certain point, it indicates that there is a break there. The specific operations can be divided into the local short-circuit method and the long-short circuit method. 8 Replacement is the method used by the vast majority of maintenance technicians. When we suspect that a certain component has failed and its internal structure is complex, or even when it is an integrated circuit board, and we don’t have specialized testing equipment, replacing it with a spare component is the most straightforward approach. However, this can only be done if it is confirmed that the damage was caused by issues with the appliance itself; otherwise, a new appliance should be installed to prevent the newly replaced components from being damaged again. When there are no spare parts available, two identical or compatible boards in the system can be swapped for testing; for example, swapping the command boards or servo boards for the two coordinates can help identify the faulty board or the location of the fault. Special attention should be paid to this method of cross-swapping: not only must the hardware connections be swapped correctly, but a range of corresponding parameters as well must be swapped. Otherwise, not only will the desired goal not be achieved, but new faults may also arise, leading to confusion. Careful consideration and accurate execution are necessary before proceeding with the swapping checks. Experience is an important asset for humanity; after completing a repair, it is quite crucial to conduct summaries and carry out improvements based on the repairs made and the electrical faults that were diagnosed and resolved. (1) Detailed records should be kept of all the issues that arose throughout the process from the occurrence of the fault, through analysis and diagnosis, to its resolution; the various measures taken, as well as the relevant circuit diagrams, parameters, and software involved. Error analysis methods and troubleshooting approaches should also be documented, along with the reasons why they were ineffective. (2) Summarize all types of diagrams and textual materials required during the fault troubleshooting process; if any are lacking, find ways to supplement them afterwards for future use. (3) Identify the knowledge gaps during the maintenance process, and keep learning throughout life. (4) Identify any shortages of tools, instruments, and spare parts, and replenish them when conditions permit. Prevention is better; no matter how good the repair methods are, they cannot compare to a sound management and maintenance system. When improving maintenance standards, more attention should be paid to the basic management and technical management of equipment. (1) Formulate and improve rules and regulations ； (2) Strictly abide by the operating procedures and daily maintenance systems ； (3) Establish a comprehensive equipment archive ； (4) Strengthen the training and improvement of maintenance teams ；

This post was last edited by Anran on 2015-12-12 at 16:22. Be careful to keep it dry, free of dust on the surface, and protect it from sunlight; excessive solar radiation can damage the surface of the appliance. Also, make sure to turn off the switch when the appliance is not in use for extended periods of time. When an abnormal noise is heard, the electrician should be notified immediately to inspect and address the issue. Before starting the motor, it is necessary to turn the shaft by hand; it is strictly prohibited to use the starting motor in place of manual shaft turning.

(1) Carefully inspect the equipment before starting work, carry out routine inspections as specified, and apply lubrication and oil as required. (2) Follow the equipment operation procedures in the class and use the equipment correctly. (3) Identify potential hazards and eliminate them promptly; if unable to resolve them on your own, immediately notify the mechanical and electrical maintenance staff to handle them. (4) After the shift, carry out equipment cleaning and lubrication; for ordinary equipment, this takes 15–30 minutes, while the time can be extended appropriately for large and critical equipment. Asphalt shingles, oil lines, oil holes, oil cups, and oil sumps should be cleaned once a week. (5) Carry out proper shift handover, and record in detail the equipment operation status for that day in the shift handover book. (6) Keep doing a quick clean every day, a thorough clean on weekends, and a complete clean at the end of the month or before holidays; conduct regular evaluations. On weekends, the cleaning of regular equipment usually takes about 1 hour, while that of large and critical equipment takes around 2 hours. At the end of the month, cleaning generally takes 1–2 hours for regular equipment, and 2–4 hours for large and critical equipment. Maintenance during holidays is carried out in accordance with the established standards, and records of regular assessments are kept. The “Cross” maintenance method: The tasks and requirements for equipment maintenance over the weekend can be summarized as the “Cross” maintenance method. That is: cleaning, lubrication, tightening, adjustment, and corrosion protection.

The use and maintenance of equipment depend on daily control and management. Good equipment, if not maintained promptly, will often malfunction and have its service life shortened. Performing maintenance on equipment is the only way to ensure its safe operation and to maximize its effective functionality. Therefore, effective maintenance and upkeep of equipment and facilities are necessary, with a focus on prevention; by combining regular maintenance with scientifically planned repairs, it is possible to maintain the optimal operating condition of the equipment. The contents of equipment maintenance generally include routine maintenance, periodic maintenance, regular inspections, and accuracy checks. The maintenance of the equipment’s lubrication and cooling systems is also an important part of equipment maintenance. There are mainly four requirements for equipment maintenance: (1) Cleaning: The inside and outside of the equipment must be kept clean; there should be no oil residue on various sliding surfaces, lead screws, racks, gearboxes, oil holes, etc. No oil or air leakage should occur in any part of the equipment, and debris, trash, and dirt around it must be removed ； (2) Neatness: Tools, accessories, and workpieces (products) should be placed neatly, and pipes and wires should be organized properly ； (3) Good lubrication: Oil is added or changed on schedule; there is no lack of oil, no dry friction, normal oil pressure, a clear oil level gauge, unobstructed oil passages, oil of appropriate quality, and clean oil guns, oil cups, and oil felts ； (4) Safety: Comply with safety operating procedures, avoid overloading the equipment, ensure that the safety protection devices are complete and reliable, and promptly eliminate any unsafe factors.