How can several different domains of Yokogawa’s VNET/IP be connected using layer 3 switches?

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Configuration set by the manufacturer: Domain 1: The vnet address is 172.16.1.1/16; vnet/IP: 192.168.129.1/24; GW: 192.168.129.254. Domain 2: The vnet address is 172.16.1.1/16; vnet/IP: 192.168.129.1/24; GW: 192.168.129.254. Domain 2: The vnet address is 172.16.2.1/16; vnet/IP: 192.168.129.1/24; GW: 192.168.129.254. Domain 2: The vnet address is 172.16.2.1/16; vnet/IP: 192.168.130.1/24; GW: 192.168.130.254. Domain 3: The configuration is similar. Network connection setup: Within each domain, bus1 and bus2 are connected to a layer 2 switch through bus1, while bus2 is also connected to another layer 2 switch. Different domains are interconnected by connecting the bus2 switches of each domain to a Cisco layer 3 switch. Bus1 is only used for internal connections within a domain; there is no direct physical connection between different domains. Currently, there are issues with the network – when one domain tries to PING other domains using their 172 IP addresses, the latency is very high, exceeding 1000 MS. Data from this domain controller cannot be retrieved, although data collection within this domain itself is normal. The latency for PINGing between 172 IP addresses is also normal, and the latency for PINGing this problematic domain’s 192 IP addresses is normal as well; therefore, the network itself should not be the problem. The solution I’m considering now is as follows: 1. Replace the Cisco switches to determine whether the issue lies with the Layer 3 switches on BUS2; use Huawei switches instead. On these Huawei switches, configure the interface IPs for VLANs (in a manner similar to Cisco’s configuration). Devices in different domains can communicate using 192.168 addresses, but communication using 172.16 addresses does not work. No configuration related to VLAN 172 can be seen on the Cisco switches. How do Cisco switches enable communication between the control networks of different domains? Their IP networks are isolated using VLANs; I’m not familiar with VNETs. Could someone please advise me on the key configurations for Layer 3 switches? 2. Currently, the various domains on BUS1 are not connected to each other. Is it possible to establish a connection using a layer 3 switch? I tried connecting the layer 2 switches on BUS1 directly, but that didn’t work. The device addresses for each domain are 172.16.0.0/16; theoretically, devices within the same subnet should be able to communicate with each other via PING without the need for a layer 3 switch. What’s going on? I have no experience with industrial control networks; I hope experts in this field can give me some guidance