What should be considered when installing instruments?

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What should be considered when installing instruments? I. Characteristics of the installation project for control instruments Compared with the installation work in other fields, the installation of control instruments has the following characteristics: it covers a wide range of areas, involving the entire project as well as most of the related specialties ； During construction, it is subject to many constraints from other disciplines ； Construction projects are numerous, sporadic, and scattered ； The coordination time is long, while the effective construction period is short. Therefore, before starting work, instrumentation professionals must not only thoroughly understand the detailed design drawings and documents, but also possess basic construction knowledge and considerable experience. They need to determine the appropriate installation locations and construction methods based on the actual conditions at the construction site, and adjust the original plans as necessary. II. Construction content and procedures for automatic control instruments 1. Construction preparation: includes preparing the working conditions (construction technical documents and detailed design documents), developing a construction organization plan, and preparing a list of equipment, a material budget, and a list of machined parts ； 　　2. Cooperate with the civil engineering team to carry out embedding and reservation work ； 　　3. Coordinate with professionals in charge of process equipment, pipelines, etc. to determine the locations of measurement and control points, and carry out the installation of the primary (signal acquisition) components ； 　　4. Fabrication and installation positioning of various metal supports (supports for instrumentation equipment, pipeline supports, supports for cable trays), trays (channel boxes, trays, ladder racks), expansion pipes, instrument panels (boxes, cabinets), control consoles, etc., as well as production of auxiliary containers and fabricated parts ； 　　5. Instrument dispatch, unpacking inspection, and individual calibration ； 　　6. On-site testing instruments and control room instruments are installed in place; piping, wiring, cable calibration, and connections are carried out for the instrument panels and cabinets, and the resistance of the circuits is determined ； 　　7. Laying of pressure guiding pipelines and heat tracing pipelines, grinding and installation of valves, laying, pressure testing, and leak testing of instrument air supply pipelines and pneumatic pipelines ； 　　8. Installation of electrical protection pipes and flexible pipes, laying of cables and compensation wires, cable insulation testing and wire location, installation of grounding systems, and grounding resistance testing ； 　　9. Equipment insulation, pipeline anti-corrosion and insulation ； 　　10. Commissioning of the automatic control instrument system: Conduct joint testing of the detection system, control system, interlock and emergency shutdown system (ESD), as well as the distributed control system (DCS) to ensure proper operation ； 　　11. Coordinate with the process engineering team for system purging and pressure testing, to complete the project tasks ； 　　12. Coordinate single-unit commissioning and feeding commissioning for the process ； 　　13. Handover, acceptance, and delivery for production. III. Quality requirements for instrument installation and calibration In the installation of automatic control instruments, it is essential to strictly adhere to the design specifications, the instruction manuals for instrument installation and use, as well as the technical standards for instrument installation, calibration, construction, and acceptance. This ensures that industrial instruments and automated control devices can perform their detection and control functions accurately, sensitively, stably, and reliably, thereby facilitating safe production and allowing the production process to operate under optimal conditions, ultimately achieving automation in industrial production. 　The requirements regarding the quality of installation and calibration of automatic control instruments can be summarized as follows: 1. The models, specifications, and quality of instruments, automated control devices, other equipment, and materials used for automatic control must meet the design requirements ； 　　2. The installation and commissioning tasks for instrument equipment, as well as the related requirements, must comply with those specified in the instrument installation and operation manual ； 　　3. Instrumentation equipment, as well as various pipelines and electrical circuits, should be installed in an orderly and aesthetically pleasing manner, in compliance with safety requirements, and in a way that facilitates operation, construction, and maintenance. Instrumentation equipment, pipelines, sampling components, valves, fittings, short pipes, and fabricated parts that require degreasing due to the properties of the process media, catalysts, product purity, or design specifications must indeed be degreased ； 　　4. Pressure transfer pipelines and instrumentation equipment that require insulation or cooling must be insulated or cooled in accordance with the design requirements. This article is reprinted from