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Whether it is safe production or occupational health, the human factor remains the key element in carrying out these two areas of work effectively. At the end of 2015, the General Office of the **State Administration of Work Safety issued a notice titled \"On Strengthening Occupational Health Training for Employers,\" which explicitly required safety supervision departments at all levels to enhance their sense of urgency and responsibility in carrying out occupational health training for employers, and to step up efforts in this regard. So where should the focus of occupational health training lie? According to the relevant provisions of the \"Regulations on the Supervision and Management of Occupational Health in the Workplace\" (Order No. 47 issued by the State Administration of Work Safety), it can be said that workers’ training should be given a higher priority. First, let’s take a look at the differences in the legal requirements regarding the two: Article 48, Paragraph 2 of the \"Regulations on the Supervision and Management of Occupational Health in the Workplace\" (Order No. 47 issued by the State Administration of Work Safety) stipulates that if the person in charge of an employer or the occupational health management personnel have not received training in occupational health, they shall be given a warning and ordered to make corrections within a specified time frame; in addition, a fine of between 5,000 yuan and 20,000 yuan may be imposed ； Paragraph 7 of Article 49 stipulates that those who fail to organize occupational health training for workers in accordance with the regulations, or fail to provide effective guidance and supervision regarding individual protective measures for workers, shall be given a warning and ordered to make corrections within a specified time limit ； If the violation is not corrected within the prescribed time, a fine of up to 100,000 yuan shall be imposed. Based on the two penalties, the penalty for workers who have not received training is significantly higher than that for the persons in charge and managers of the employer. This is because workers are on the front line of production; they are those who are exposed to occupational disease hazards, and they are also the main targets of protection under the Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Law. The final measures for protecting against occupational diseases must be implemented among them. Workers’ awareness of occupational disease prevention and control, as well as their proficiency in related protective skills, largely determine the effectiveness of such efforts. It is concerning that a significant portion of workers in reality are often unfamiliar with these preventive measures. On the one hand, hard work and endurance are fine traditions of the Chinese nation, which objectively leads some workers to take poor working conditions for granted. On the other hand, protective equipment for workers in China is not very comfortable, and some workers are reluctant to wear it, preferring to work in toxic and harmful working environments without such protection. The root cause lies in the inadequate training provided to front-line workers on the prevention and control of occupational diseases; as a result, those who are exposed to occupational hazards are unaware of the risks associated with such diseases and the preventive measures available, and they neglect to protect their own rights and take necessary protective actions. Based on the author’s experience in overseeing occupational health regulations over the past few years, it is urgent to strengthen vocational health training for frontline workers and improve their awareness and skills in protecting themselves from occupational diseases. First, raising workers’ awareness of protection against occupational diseases is beneficial for employers’ management. Our safety supervision departments go to enterprises to urge them to take proper measures for protecting workers from occupational diseases, and inspect the use of personal protective equipment in the production workshops. Many enterprise managers report that workers are reluctant to wear such equipment, making it difficult to enforce these requirements; the workers themselves also believe that it doesn’t matter whether they wear the protection gear or not, which highlights a lack of awareness regarding the importance of protection. Second, some workers are unable to assess the reliability of protective equipment, nor do they know how to wear it and maintain it properly. In our inspections, we often find that companies do provide protective equipment to their employees, but the workers do not wear it correctly, which prevents them from effectively blocking the inhalation of toxic and harmful substances; as a result, the purpose of wearing such protective equipment is lost. In summary, we must strengthen vocational health training for employers, focusing on ensuring that they fulfill their primary responsibilities. We should urge employers to carry out training at the enterprise, workshop, and team levels, and strictly investigate cases where workers are not given the necessary training. Through firm regulatory measures, we can address the current weaknesses in the prevention and control of occupational diseases.