In heat exchanger heat transfer calculations, should the two fluids flow counter-currently or in a cross-flow manner?

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This post was last edited by ljy3033 on 2016-4-27 at 11:54. I have a question for everyone: in the heat transfer calculations for single-pass U-tube heat exchangers (in engineering calculations), when considering the heat transfer due to fluid flow between the tube side and the shell side, should counterflow or cross-flow be taken into account? If considering flow with recirculation, then when calculating the logarithmic mean temperature difference for such flow, should the temperature difference correction factor be taken into account as described in \"Principles of Chemical Engineering\"? I found the relevant information in Appendix B of GB151-2014; it should be considered as a counterflow situation, and the logarithmic mean temperature difference needs to be corrected. Thank you to moderator *nht1 and Desert Fish for their repeated assistance, as well as to zzj58013130 for their answer. Thank you all.