What exactly is checked in a safety inspection?

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The last edit to this post was made by yinkuilin6868 on 2016-5-17 at 16:30. Main contents of the standards for identifying and addressing potential hazards: The standards for identifying and addressing potential hazards refer to the process by which production and operation units organize relevant personnel, in accordance with their own systems for identifying potential hazards, to examine for any potential accident risks within the unit； Register the identified potential accident hazards, and regularly report on the progress of identifying and addressing these hazards to the relevant departments. By conducting self-inspections and self-reports, the issues related to the mechanisms for implementing corporate responsibilities were addressed; it was clarified what companies need to manage and how to do so, as well as what departments need to inspect and how to carry out those inspections. This approach ensured comprehensive and full-process management of hazard identification, mitigation, and supervision. 　　The standards for identifying and addressing potential hazards are established based on laws, regulations, rules, standards, procedures related to work safety, as well as work safety management systems. Taking into account the industry-specific characteristics of production and business entities, these standards identify those situations where there are violations of the aforementioned laws, regulations, standards, and rules, as well as physical hazards, unsafe human behaviors, and management deficiencies that could lead to accidents in production and business operations. By listing such hazards, it is possible to summarize the potential risks faced by specific types of production and business entities. 　　As a core element of the standards for identifying and addressing potential hazards, it is first necessary to classify these hazards appropriately. Such classification serves both to summarize and distill the descriptions of hazards found in various laws, regulations, rules, standards, procedures, and safety management systems, and it is also key to organizing the core content of the standards for identifying and addressing potential hazards. The classification of potential hazards not only facilitates self-inspection and self-reporting by production and operation units, but also helps relevant departments to conduct statistical analysis on the distribution of such hazards in these units. 　　Compared to the standards for evaluating safety production standardization, the standards for identifying and addressing potential hazards provide a more detailed specification of the relevant requirements. While the standards for evaluating safety production standardization only outline basic requirements and principle-based guidelines regarding the identification and management of potential hazards, the standards for identifying and addressing such hazards offer more detailed, precise descriptions along with clearer guidelines for action. It can be seen that the standards for identifying and addressing potential hazards represent a further refinement and deepening of the standards for safety production standardization, providing detailed guidance for enterprises to carry out self-inspections and reporting of such hazards. Principles for classifying potential hazards in work safety accidents 　　(1) Uniqueness principle. That is, the characteristics of a potential hazard can be explained by only one category; it cannot belong to both categories at the same time, thus appearing repeatedly in different categories. This is the most fundamental principle for hazard classification, and it is also a principle that must be followed in such classification. 　　(2) Principle of universality. In other words, every potential hazard must be assigned to a specific category, based on its main characteristics; the classification must cover all potential hazards related to work safety, without any omissions. 　　(3) Principle of stability. That is, the classification of potential hazards should meet the needs of work safety supervision and management in the coming period, and it should not change due to alterations in the methods of work safety supervision. 　　(4) The scalability principle provides room for the expansion of hazard categories, ensuring that the classification system has a certain degree of flexibility and can be further expanded and refined within this system. While maintaining the classification system, it is allowed to establish applicable classification rules under the lowest level of classification. Suggested classification of potential hazards 　　In accordance with the principles for classifying potential hazards, and taking into account the actual circumstances of hazard identification, these hazards are classified from the perspective of on-site operations, and are divided into two categories: basic management and on-site management. At the same time, in order to facilitate the statistical analysis of potential hazards and understand their distribution, so as to carry out safety management work more effectively and formulate appropriate countermeasures, basic management and on-site management have been further divided into 24 subcategories. Contents of hazard identification and mitigation: Basic management aspects. Hazards related to basic management mainly refer to deficiencies in areas such as the qualification certificates of production and operation units, safety production management organizations and personnel, safety production responsibility systems, safety production management regulations, safety operating procedures, training and education, safety production management records, investment in safety production, emergency rescue measures, basic management of special equipment, basic management of occupational health, basic management of relevant parties, and other basic management aspects. 　　(1) Hazards related to the qualifications and licenses of production and operation units Hazards related to the qualifications and licenses of production and operation units refer mainly to the problems and deficiencies in areas such as safety production licenses, fire inspection reports, and safety assessment reports that violate relevant laws and regulations. Such as **chemical business entities failing to obtain** a chemical business license, or **the chemical business license having expired**, etc. 　　(2) Hidden dangers related to safety production management organizations and personnel Hidden dangers of this type refer to the situation where production and business units fail to establish safety production management organizations or assign full-time (part-time) safety production managers, in accordance with the characteristics of their own operations and in compliance with relevant laws, regulations, or standard requirements. For example, units that produce, operate, or store hazardous materials fail to establish a safety production management organization and only assign part-time safety production managers. 　　(3) Hazards related to the safety production responsibility system: In accordance with relevant laws, regulations, or standard requirements, establish and improve a safety production responsibility system that suits the characteristics of the unit’s production and operations. Depending on the scale of the production and operation unit, the safety production responsibility system covers the safety production responsibilities at various levels, including the unit’s principal responsible persons, safety production officers, safety management personnel, workshop supervisors, team leaders, and individual employees. Among them, the work safety responsibility system for production and operation units should at least cover three levels of personnel: the main person in charge of the unit, work safety management personnel, and on-the-job employees. Failing to establish a safety production responsibility system or having an imperfectly established one falls under this category of potential hazards. 　　(4) Hidden dangers related to safety production management systems Depending on the characteristics of production and business operations, safety production management systems mainly include: safety production education and training systems, safety inspection systems, safety management systems for production and business sites, equipment, and facilities with high levels of risk, systems for managing hazardous operations, systems for providing and maintaining personal protective equipment, reward and punishment systems for safety production, systems for reporting and handling production safety accidents, systems for identifying hidden dangers, safety management systems for work in confined spaces, as well as other rules and regulations aimed at ensuring safety production and occupational health. 　　When a production and operation unit lacks certain types of safety management systems, or when such systems are not properly formulated, it is referred to as a hazard related to safety management systems. 　　(5) Hazards related to safety operating procedures Establish and improve operating procedures that suit the characteristics of the unit’s production and operations, in accordance with relevant laws, regulations, or standard requirements. When a production and operation unit lacks job operation procedures or these procedures are inadequately formulated, it is referred to as a hazard related to safety operation procedures. 　　(6) Hazards related to education and training The content of safety education and training includes: laws, regulations, and rules regarding work safety; work safety policies and operating procedures; safety operation skills for specific positions; knowledge on the use, maintenance, and storage of safety equipment, facilities, tools, and personal protective equipment; awareness of how to prevent work safety accidents and emergency response measures as well as knowledge on self-rescue and mutual rescue; and case studies of work safety accidents. The education and training provided by production and operation units includes those for the unit’s key personnel, safety management staff, employees, as well as workers engaged in special types of work (such as work in confined spaces). In accordance with relevant laws and regulations, production and operation units must meet the requirements regarding the duration and content of such training. When a production and operation unit fails to carry out safety production training and education, or when the training time or content does not meet the required standards, this is referred to as a hazard related to training and education. 　　(7) Hidden dangers related to safety production management archives Safety production record archives mainly include: education and training record archives, safety inspection record archives, and safety management record archives for hazardous locations/equipment and facilities ； Records and archives related to the management of hazardous operations (such as fire permit approvals), records of the provision and management of personal protective equipment, records of rewards and penalties for safe production, minutes of safety production meetings, records of accident management, duty logs for substations and power distribution rooms, records of inspections and patrols, records related to the reporting of occupational hazards, records of testing and assessment of occupational hazard factors, records of payments for work-related injury insurance, and accounts related to safety expenses. 　　If a production and operation unit fails to establish safety production management records or has inadequately developed such records, this constitutes a hazard related to safety production management records. 　　(8) Hidden dangers related to investment in work safety Production and business operations entities should establish a system for ensuring funding for work safety, taking into account the specific circumstances of their own organizations. The funds allocated for work safety (or safety expenses) should be used exclusively for the following work safety-related purposes, including the implementation of safety technology measures and related infrastructure projects ； Update and maintenance of safety equipment and facilities ； Publicity, education, and training on safe production ； Provision of personal protective equipment ； Other matters to ensure safe production. The problems and deficiencies existing in the investment in work safety by production and operation units are referred to as potential hazards related to investment in work safety. 　　(9) Hazards related to emergency management Emergency management encompasses aspects such as emergency agencies and teams, emergency plans and drills, emergency facilities, equipment, and supplies, as well as accident rescue. The aspects related to emergency response agencies and teams should include: establishing emergency management systems, forming emergency rescue teams in accordance with relevant requirements and standards; if no dedicated rescue team exists, it is necessary to sign rescue agreements with nearby specialized emergency rescue teams to establish collaborative relationships, and to organize regular training and drills for these rescue teams. The aspects related to emergency plans and drills should include: preparing safety production emergency plans in accordance with regulations; having emergency response plans or measures for key operational positions; filing these plans with the local authorities as required and informing relevant emergency response units; organizing emergency drills on a regular as well as irregular basis; conducting evaluations and summaries after the drills; and making improvements to emergency plans and other related measures based on those evaluations and summaries. The aspects related to emergency facilities, equipment, and supplies should include: constructing emergency facilities in accordance with relevant regulations and requirements, equipping them with appropriate emergency equipment, stocking up on emergency supplies, and carrying out regular inspections and maintenance to ensure their integrity and reliability. The content related to accident rescue should include: immediately activating the appropriate emergency response plan after an accident occurs, and carrying out rescue efforts promptly ； After the accident rescue is completed, an analysis and summary are conducted, a rescue report is prepared, and improvements are made to emergency response procedures. 　　The problems and deficiencies existing in emergency rescue efforts by production and operation units are referred to as potential hazards related to emergency rescue. 　　(10) Hidden dangers related to the basic management of special equipment Special equipment falls under specialized management; in the classification of hidden dangers related to work safety, in order to distinguish such specialized areas, they are divided into two categories: basic management and on-site management. 　　Any issues related to the failure of production and operation units to comply with laws and regulations regarding the management of special equipment are classified as potential hazards in the basic management of special equipment. Such potential risks mainly include the agencies and personnel responsible for the management of special equipment, the systems for managing special equipment, emergency response measures for accidents involving special equipment, records related to special equipment, inspection reports for such equipment, maintenance records, certificates for workers engaged in special operations, and training programs for these workers. 　　(11) Hidden dangers related to basic occupational health management Similar to special equipment, occupational health also falls under specialized management. Any issues related to the failure of production and business units to comply with laws and regulations in matters concerning occupational health fall under the category of potential hazards related to basic occupational health management. Such potential hazards mainly include declarations of occupational hazards, change declarations, plans and implementation schemes for the prevention and control of occupational diseases, occupational health management systems or operating procedures, reports on the detection of hazard factors, monitoring and evaluation of occupational hazard factors, hazard notifications, Chinese instruction manuals for equipment/chemicals, records of occupational health surveillance, occupational health records, occupational health institutions and personnel, occupational health education and training, as well as emergency response plans for occupational health issues. 　　(12) Potential hazards related to the basic management of stakeholders 　Stakeholders refer to other production and operation units to which the current unit assigns or leases its production and operation projects, premises, or equipment. Management issues related to stakeholders in production and operation units fall under the category of potential hazards associated with basic stakeholder management. 　　(13) Other basic management-related hazards: Non-compliance issues related to the basic management of work safety that do not fall under the aforementioned twelve categories of hazards are considered other basic management-related hazards. On-site management category: The potential hazards in the on-site management category relate to deficiencies in aspects such as the on-site management of special equipment, production equipment and facilities, the workplace environment, the operating behaviors of employees, fire safety, electrical safety, occupational health and on-site safety, safety in confined spaces, auxiliary power systems, on-site management of related parties, and other aspects of on-site management. 　　(1) Hazards related to the on-site management of special equipment Special equipment includes boilers, pressure vessels (including gas cylinders), pressure pipelines, elevators, lifting machinery, passenger cableways, large-scale amusement facilities, and specialized motor vehicles used within sites (factories). Defects existing in such equipment itself as well as in their on-site management constitute hazards related to the on-site management of special equipment. 　　(2) Hidden dangers related to production equipment, facilities, and processes Defects existing in the production equipment, facilities, and processes of a business entity are referred to as hidden dangers related to production equipment, facilities, and processes. The production equipment and facilities mentioned here do not include special equipment, electrical equipment and facilities, fire protection equipment and facilities, emergency rescue equipment and apparatus, nor the equipment and facilities related to auxiliary power systems. 　　(3) Hazards related to the workplace environment Hazards related to the workplace environment in production and business units mainly include problems and deficiencies in aspects such as the factory environment, workshop operations, warehouse operations, and **chemical handling areas. 　　(4) Hidden dangers related to the operational behaviors of employees The main forms of \"three violations\" by employees include: carrying out tasks in violation of operating procedures, working in breach of labor discipline, and supervisors giving instructions to employees that violate operating procedures. Potential hazards related to the operational behaviors of workers include violations of safety rules, as well as the improper use of personal protective equipment. 　　(5) Fire safety hazards Defects related to fire protection in production and operation units are referred to as fire safety hazards, which mainly include emergency lighting, fire protection facilities and equipment, etc. 　　(6) Hazards related to electrical safety Issues and defects related to electrical safety in production and operation units are referred to as hazards related to electrical safety. These mainly include aspects such as distribution rooms, distribution boxes and cabinets, the installation of electrical circuits, fixed electrical equipment, sockets, temporary electricity use, electricity use in humid working environments, and the use of safe voltage levels. 　　(7) Hidden dangers related to safety production management records: In the special management of occupational health, those aspects related to non-compliance by production and business units with laws and regulations regarding on-site occupational health safety are classified as hidden dangers related to on-site occupational health safety. Such potential hazards mainly include problems and defects in areas such as the prohibition of operating beyond specified limits, inspection and maintenance requirements, protective facilities, notice boards, warning signs, production layout, as well as protective equipment and personal protective gear. 　　(8) Safety hazards related to confined space operations Safety hazards related to confined space operations mainly include problems and deficiencies in areas such as approval procedures for working in confined spaces, hazard communication, the requirement to conduct inspections before starting work, hazard assessment, on-site supervision and management, ventilation, protective equipment, respiratory protection gear, emergency rescue equipment, and temporary work arrangements. 　　(9) Hidden dangers related to auxiliary power systems Auxiliary systems mainly include compressed air stations, acetylene stations, gas stations, natural gas distribution stations, oxygen stations, and other systems that provide power or other support for production and operational activities. The part related to special equipment falls under the category of potential hazards associated with on-site management of special equipment. 　　(10) Hidden dangers related to the on-site management of stakeholders Defects and issues related to the on-site management of stakeholders fall under the category of hidden dangers associated with such management. 　　(11) Other on-site management-related hazards: Non-conformities related to on-site safety management that do not fall under the above ten categories of hazards are considered other on-site management-related hazards.