【Knowledge Guide】Q&A on Basic Fire Safety Knowledge for Key Fire Safety Units!

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The Fire Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China stipulates that fire protection efforts shall follow the principle of giving priority to prevention while combining prevention with suppression. In accordance with the principles of unified leadership, regulatory oversight by relevant departments, full responsibility on the part of organizations, and active participation by citizens, a fire safety responsibility system shall be implemented to establish and improve a socialized fire protection network. In recent years, public security fire departments have taken a range of measures to enhance the ability of key fire safety units to conduct self-inspections and make corrections on their own, thereby effectively preventing fire safety hazards from developing. Today, we have compiled a list of the basic fire safety knowledge that employees in key organizations must master, for everyone to learn and understand. What does 1 unit of construction for the “four capabilities” in fire safety entail? “Check the ability to eliminate fire hazards, the ability to combat incipient fires, the ability to organize the evacuation of people, and the capacity for fire safety awareness and training.” 2. Each employee should master the “three understandings and three skills.” What are the contents of the “three understandings and three skills”? “Know basic fire safety knowledge, know how to use fire protection equipment and devices, and know escape and self-rescue skills ； “Be able to identify and rectify fire hazards, extinguish fires in their early stages, and organize the evacuation of people.” 3 What are the first and second firefighting emergency teams, as well as evacuation guides? In the event of a fire, the employees on site are the first line of defense for extinguishing the fire, and they should take action to put out the incipient fire within 1 minute ； Once a fire is detected, the organization shall, in accordance with its own fire extinguishing and emergency evacuation plans, mobilize its employees to form a fire fighting emergency team, which serves as the second layer of fire response forces and must initiate fire suppression efforts within 3 minutes ； In the event of a fire, the staff responsible for organizing and guiding people to evacuate from the evacuation passages and safety exits on each floor of the building are known as evacuation guides. 4 How should the first fire response force handle an incipient fire? 1) Employees located near the fire alarm button or phone should immediately press the button or make a call to inform the fire control room or the on-duty staff of the facility ； 2) Employees located near fire protection facilities and equipment should use on-site fire hydrants, fire extinguishers and other such devices to put out fires ； 3) On-site staff quickly guided the evacuation of people. 5 How should the second fire-fighting emergency force organize fire fighting efforts? 1) While activating the fire fighting and emergency evacuation plans, the personnel in the fire control room or the unit’s duty staff shall report to the unit’s responsible person ； 2) The person in charge of the unit promptly took command, assembling various task forces to carry out fire fighting and evacuation of personnel in accordance with established procedures ； 3) The communication team promptly informed the employees to head to the fire site, maintained contact with the public security fire brigade, reported the situation of the fire to the fire scene commander, and conveyed the commander’s instructions to the relevant employees ； 4) The fire fighting team uses the unit’s fire-fighting equipment and apparatus to extinguish the fire based on the circumstances of the fire ； 5) The evacuation guidance team organizes the evacuation of people at the site in accordance with its assigned responsibilities ； 6) The safety and rescue team assists in saving and escorting the injured ； 7) The on-site security team prevents unauthorized personnel from entering the fire scene and maintains order there. 6 Requirements for assigning evacuation guides and how to guide people to evacuate? The facility should assign evacuation guides on each floor, in evacuation passages, and at safety exits (wearing fluorescent armbands or vests and holding flashlights), who are responsible for organizing and guiding the people present to evacuate safely. In the event of a fire, evacuation coordinators should use methods such as shouting and broadcasting to inform and guide those inside the building to escape properly, in accordance with the fire fighting and emergency evacuation plans. 7. How to call the fire department? 1) After dialing the fire emergency number 119, it is necessary to clearly state the location of the fire, including the district, sub-district, street name, and house number ； 2) It is necessary to clarify what is on fire and the extent of the fire ； 3) It is necessary to clarify the exact location of the fire, the materials that are burning, and the conditions of the combustion ； 4) The person reporting the incident should state their name, workplace, and phone number ； 5) After reporting the fire, a dedicated person should be sent to wait at the intersection for the arrival of the fire truck, to guide it along the route to the fire site so that it can reach the location of the fire quickly and accurately. It is the responsibility of every citizen to call the police promptly upon discovering a fire. 8 How can employees in various positions identify and rectify fire hazards around them? Employees in each position should conduct daily fire safety checks before starting and ending work, with the inspections including the following items: 1) Whether there are any violations regarding the use of fire, electricity, oil, and gas ； 2) Are the nearby evacuation routes and safety exits unobstructed? ； 3) Condition of fire-fighting equipment and fire safety signs in the vicinity ； 4) Are there any remaining embers in the venue? ； 5) Other fire safety aspects. 9 What is the frequency and scope of routine inspections for key units? Key fire safety units must conduct fire safety inspections every 2 hours during business hours. The contents of these inspections include: 1) whether there are any violations regarding the use of fire, electricity, oil, and gas ； 2) Are the evacuation routes and safety exits unobstructed? ； 3) Whether fire protection equipment and facilities, as well as fire safety signs, are in good condition ； 4) Presence of employees in key positions ； 5) Other fire safety aspects. 10 What are the key points for managing automatic fire protection systems? 1) Strengthen the regular maintenance of fire protection facilities; automatic fire protection systems should be operated by specialized personnel to ensure they remain in good working condition ； 2) In cases where there is a fire control room, it must be staffed 24/7 by dedicated personnel, with no fewer than 2 people per shift. The personnel on duty as well as those operating the equipment must hold professional qualification certificates specific to fire control work, and must work only with such certificates ； 3) Upon confirming a fire, the fire control room shall immediately switch the fire alarm interlock control switch to the automatic mode (except when it is already in the automatic mode).