Structural issues adopted by heat exchangers to overcome cold shrinkage.
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It is a shell-and-tube heat exchanger with a single tube side and a single shell side; the fluid on the tube side is liquid nitrogen at -153°C, while the fluid on the shell side is heated water, resulting in different rates of thermal contraction in these two sides. What design structure do we usually use to solve this problem?
2 expansion joints were added; the amount of expansion is significant but it’s not a big problem