2016-12-2 Quiz Questions

① The operating temperature rises or falls suddenly, with large and frequent temperature fluctuations. ② The space velocity is too high, resulting in overproduction. ③ Due to fluctuations in steam pressure and system pressure, the amount of steam added is too low. ④ Catalyst poisoning, deactivation, aging, caking, crushing and pulverization, gas bias flow. ⑤ Water is introduced into the catalyst layer, causing a significant drop in bed temperature. ⑥ The device has failed..

(1) The operating temperature rises or falls suddenly, with large and frequent temperature fluctuations. (2) Excessively high space velocity, leading to overproduction. (3) The amount of steam added is too low due to fluctuations in steam pressure and system pressure. (4) Catalyst poisoning, deactivation, aging, caking, crushing and pulverization, and gas bypass. (5) Water enters the catalyst layer, causing a significant drop in bed temperature. (6) The equipment malfunctions. A common fault is the corrosion and perforation of the heat exchanger tubes, allowing semi-water gas to leak into the shift gas. (7) Improper operation. If the amount is increased too rapidly and excessively, without timely adjustment of the steam supply volume ； The steam supply volume was not adjusted in a timely manner when system pressure and steam pressure fluctuated ； When the catalyst bed temperature drops, the steam volume is significantly reduced, causing the vapor-to-gas ratio in the bed to become too low, etc.

Lower reaction temperature, lower water-to-gas ratio, poor catalyst activity, high gas flow rate, some units having bypasses that may not be properly closed, analysis of the causes, leakage and short circuits within the heat exchanger. . . That’s all I can think of

This post was last edited by ddfmy on 2016-12-2 at 14:51. The main reasons for the increase in carbon monoxide levels in the exhaust gas are: ① Sudden increases or decreases in operating temperature, with large and frequent temperature fluctuations. ②The space velocity is too high, resulting in overproduction. ③Due to fluctuations in steam pressure and system pressure, the amount of steam added is too low. ④Catalyst poisoning, deactivation, aging, caking, crushing and pulverization, gas bias flow. ⑤Water is introduced into the catalyst layer, causing a significant drop in bed temperature. ⑥The device has failed. A common fault is the corrosion and perforation of the heat exchanger tubes, allowing semi-water gas to leak into the shift gas ； If the water level in the water seal between the saturated tower and the hot water tower is too low, or if the pressure difference between them is too large, semi-water gas will flow from the saturated tower through the water seal and into the hot water tower. - ⑦Improper operation. If the amount added is increased too rapidly or in excess, and the steam supply volume is not adjusted in a timely manner {the steam supply volume is not adjusted promptly when system pressure and steam pressure fluctuate} ； When the catalyst bed temperature drops, the steam volume is significantly reduced, causing the vapor-to-gas ratio in the bed to become too low, etc.

1) The catalyst temperature is too low, affecting the conversion rate； 2) Excessive load or too rapid increase in dosage leads to an increased gas space velocity, exceeding the maximum space velocity allowed when the catalyst is operating under normal conditions ； 3) Insufficient steam pressure; unable to add ； 4) Low steam consumption results in an excessively low steam-to-gas ratio, or the steam-to-gas ratio is not properly adjusted in each section ； 5) Reverse sulfidation occurs, reducing the catalyst’s activity ； 6) Unstable operation, with fluctuations in pressure and temperature. The solution is: 1) Increase the reaction temperature ； 2) Reduce load or increase load gradually ； 3) Increase steam pressure or reduce load to lower system pressure ； 4) Increase the steam consumption and make adjustments strictly in accordance with the process operation parameters ； 5) Increase the inlet hydrogen sulfide concentration and inlet temperature, or re-sulfurize ； 6) Stable operation, stable pressure, and temperature.

1) The catalyst temperature is too low, affecting the conversion rate； 2) Excessive load or too rapid increase in dosage leads to an increased gas space velocity, exceeding the maximum space velocity allowed when the catalyst is operating under normal conditions ； 3) Insufficient steam pressure; unable to add ； 4) Low steam consumption results in an excessively low steam-to-gas ratio, or the steam-to-gas ratio is not properly adjusted in each section ； 5) Reverse sulfidation occurs, reducing the catalyst’s activity ； 6) Unstable operation, fluctuations in pressure and temperature

Due to fluctuations in steam pressure and system pressure, the amount of steam added is too low.

1. Low water-vapor ratio. 2. Low catalyst activity

(1) The operating temperature rises or falls suddenly, with large and frequent temperature fluctuations. (2) Excessively high space velocity, leading to overproduction. (3) The amount of steam added is too low due to fluctuations in steam pressure and system pressure. (4) Catalyst poisoning, deactivation, aging, caking, crushing and pulverization, and gas bypass. (5) Water enters the catalyst layer, causing a significant drop in bed temperature. (6) The equipment malfunctions. A common fault is the corrosion and perforation of the heat exchanger tubes, allowing semi-water gas to leak into the shift gas. (7) Improper operation. If the amount is increased too rapidly and excessively, without timely adjustment of the steam supply volume ； The steam supply volume was not adjusted in a timely manner when system pressure and steam pressure fluctuated ； When the catalyst bed temperature drops, the steam volume is significantly reduced, causing the vapor-to-gas ratio in the bed to become too low, etc.

1. Increase in CO content in the front gas； 2. The reduction in gas-to-vapor ratio leads to poor conversion ； 3. Poor conversion due to excessively low bed temperature ； 4. Excess air volume.