[Soda Ash Knowledge] Daily Question (150) 3/12/2010
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Write down the main chemical reactions that occur during the ammonia distillation process. Please hide your reply; replies that are not hidden will generally not be graded. Edited posts will not be graded. Specific hiding method: http://bbs.hcbbs.com/viewthread.php?tid=492556&highlight=%D2%FE%B2%D8 This month’s question is taken from the book “Question Bank for Technical Workers’ On-the-Job Training – Operators in Soda Ash Production”. Electronic version of the book can be downloaded here: http://bbs.hcbbs.com/thread-13140-1-2.html
NH3+H2O---NH4++OH- CO2+H2O---H++HCO3 HCO3---H++CO32- NH3COO+H2O---NH3+HCO3 H2O---H++OH-
NH3+H2O---NH4++OH- CO2+H2O---H++HCO3- HCO3---H++CO3 2- NH3COO+H2O---NH3+HCO3 H2O---H++OH-
This post was last edited by wal5980729 on 2010-3-11 at 20:51.
NH3•H2O = NH3 + H2O — 34.79 KJ/mol
(NH4)2CO3 = 2NH3 + CO2 + H2O — 99.1 KJ/mol
Na2S + 2NH4Cl = 2NaCl + 2NH4+ + H2S
NH4Cl + NaHCO3 = NaCl + NH3↑ + CO2↑ + H2O
(NH4)2SO4 + 2NaHCO3 = Na2SO4 + 2NH3↑ + 2CO2↑ + 2H2O
2NH4Cl + Ca(OH)2 = CaCl2 + 2NH3(g) + H2O — 44.1 KJ/mol
(NH4)2SO4 + Ca(OH)2 = CaSO4 + 2NH3 + 2H2O — 74.55 KJ/mol
1# steinback
NH3•H2O = NH3 + H2O — 34.79 KJ/mol
(NH4)2CO3 = 2NH3 + CO2 + H2O — 99.1 KJ/mol
Na2S + 2NH4Cl = 2NaCl + 2NH4+ + H2S
NH4Cl + NaHCO3 = NaCl + NH3↑ + CO2↑ + H2O
(NH4)2SO4 + 2NaHCO3 = Na2SO4 + 2NH3↑ + 2CO2↑ + 2H2O
2NH4Cl + Ca(OH)2 = CaCl2 + 2NH3(g) + H2O — 44.1 KJ/mol
(NH4)2SO4 + Ca(OH)2 = CaSO4 + 2NH3 + 2H2O — 74.55 KJ/mol
1# steinback
NH3+H2O---NH4++OH- CO2+H2O---H++HCO3 HCO3---H++CO32- NH3COO+H2O---NH3+HCO3 H2O---H++OH-
The main chemical reactions are as follows: During the preheating stage: NH3·H2O→NH3+H2O; (NH4)2CO3→2NH3+H2O+CO2; NH4HCO3→NH3+H2O+CO2. Reactions that occur between NaHCO3 and Na2CO3 dissolved in the filtered mother liquor: NaHCO3+NH4Cl→NaCl+NH3+H2O+CO2; Na2CO3+2NH4Cl→2NaCl+2NH3+H2O+CO2. Reactions in the mixing tank and during the distillation stage in the lime milk: Ca(OH)2+2NH4Cl→CaCl2+2NH3+2H2O; Ca(OH)2+CO2→CaCO3+H2O
NH3-H2O = NH3 + H2O NH4CO3 = NH3 + CO2
Answer: Preheating stage: NH3·H2O = NH3 + H2O; (NH4)2CO3 = NH3 + H2O + CO2; NH4HCO3 = NH3 + H2O + CO2. Reactions occurring with sodium bicarbonate and sodium carbonate dissolved in the filtrate: NaHCO3 + NH4Cl = NaCl + NH3 + H2O + CO2; Na2CO3 + NH4Cl = NaCl + NH3 + H2O + CO2. Reactions in the mixing tank and during the distillation process with lime milk: Ca(OH)2 + NH4Cl = CaCl2 + NH3 + H2O; Ca(OH)2 + CO2 = CaCO3 + H2O. 1# Steinback
The main chemical reactions are:
Preheating stage:
NH3·H2O → NH3 + H2O
(NH4)2CO3 → 2NH3 + H2O + CO2
NH4HCO3 → 2NH3 + H2O + CO2
Reactions involving NaHCO3 and Na2CO3 dissolved in the filtrate:
NaHCO3 + NH4Cl → NaCl + NH3 + H2O + CO2
Na2CO3 + 2NH4Cl → 2NaCl + 2NH3 + H2O + CO2
Reactions occurring in the mixing tank and during distillation in the lime milk section:
Ca(OH)2 + 2NH4Cl → CaCl2 + 2NH3 + 2H2O
Ca(OH)2 + CO2 → CaCO3 + H2O
Preheating stage:
NH3·H2O → NH3 + H2O
(NH4)2CO3 → 2NH3 + H2O + CO2
NH4HCO3 → 2NH3 + H2O + CO2
Reactions involving NaHCO3 and Na2CO3 dissolved in the filtrate:
NaHCO3 + NH4Cl → NaCl + NH3 + H2O + CO2
Na2CO3 + 2NH4Cl → 2NaCl + 2NH3 + H2O + CO2
Reactions occurring in the mixing tank and during distillation in the lime milk section:
Ca(OH)2 + 2NH4Cl → CaCl2 + 2NH3 + 2H2O
Ca(OH)2 + CO2 → CaCO3 + H2O
The main chemical reactions are: Preheating stage: NH3H2O----NH3+H2O; (NH4)2CO3----2NH3+H2O+CO2; NH4HCO3----NH3+H2O+CO2. Reactions involving NaHCO3 and Na2CO3 dissolved in the filtrate: NaHCO3+NH4Cl----NaCl+NH3+H2O+CO2; Na2CO3+NH4Cl----2NaCl+2NH3+H2O+CO2. Reactions occurring in the mixing tank and during distillation with lime milk: Ca(OH)2+2NH4Cl----CaCl2+2NH3+2H2O; Ca(OH)2+CO2----CaCO3+H2O
The main chemical reactions are:
Preheating stage:
NH3·H2O → NH3 + H2O
(NH4)2CO3 → 2NH3 + H2O + CO2
NH4HCO3 → 2NH3 + H2O + CO2
Reactions involving NaHCO3 and Na2CO3 dissolved in the filtrate:
NaHCO3 + NH4Cl → NaCl + NH3 + H2O + CO2
Na2CO3 + 2NH4Cl → 2NaCl + 2NH3 + H2O + CO2
Reactions occurring in the mixing tank and during distillation in the lime milk section:
Ca(OH)2 + 2NH4Cl → CaCl2 + 2NH3 + 2H2O
Ca(OH)2 + CO2 → CaCO3 + H2O
Preheating stage:
NH3·H2O → NH3 + H2O
(NH4)2CO3 → 2NH3 + H2O + CO2
NH4HCO3 → 2NH3 + H2O + CO2
Reactions involving NaHCO3 and Na2CO3 dissolved in the filtrate:
NaHCO3 + NH4Cl → NaCl + NH3 + H2O + CO2
Na2CO3 + 2NH4Cl → 2NaCl + 2NH3 + H2O + CO2
Reactions occurring in the mixing tank and during distillation in the lime milk section:
Ca(OH)2 + 2NH4Cl → CaCl2 + 2NH3 + 2H2O
Ca(OH)2 + CO2 → CaCO3 + H2O