How to control the appropriate total alkalinity and sodium carbonate during production.

Based on the analysis results, sodium carbonate (alkali) should be added in a timely manner. The amount of sodium carbonate is proportional to the total alkalinity; low total alkalinity affects the absorption capacity, while excessively high total alkalinity enhances the absorption capacity but leads to an increase in by-products and higher consumption. Therefore, during production, the total alkalinity and sodium carbonate levels must be appropriately controlled according to the composition of the gas.

During the initial start-up of desulfurization, the solution contains only Na2CO3; as the CO2 absorption reaction proceeds, the amount of NaHCO3 in the solution gradually increases. When the amount of CO2 absorbed is balanced by the amount of CO2 desorbed during the regeneration process, the concentrations of Na2CO3 and NaHCO3 in the liquid phase remain unchanged. In general atmospheric-pressure desulfurization, when the CO2 content in the feed gas is 6%–8% and the total alkalinity of the solution is 0.4 N (equivalent to 21.2 g/L as Na2CO3), the concentration of Na2CO3 is 5–6 g/L, while that of NaHCO3 is approximately 25 g/L. During pressurized desulfurization processes (such as shift conversion), due to the high operating pressure and consequently high CO2 concentration, the amount of Na2CO3 in the liquid phase decreases significantly; it generally accounts for only 5%–10% of the total alkalinity, while most of the alkalinity is present as NaHCO3.

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