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On June 15, **five departments including the National Development and Reform Commission issued the \"Notice on Launching a Three-Year Campaign to Carry Out Energy-Saving and Carbon-Reduction Transformations in Key Industries.\" Focusing on nine industries such as steel, electrolytic aluminum, cement, flat glass, oil refining, ethylene, synthetic ammonia, methanol, and coal-fired power, these efforts aim to implement comprehensive energy-saving and carbon-reduction transformations over a period of three years. The notice states that by the end of 2028, the proportion of production capacity in key industrial sectors such as steel, electrolytic aluminum, cement, flat glass, oil refining, ethylene, synthetic ammonia, and methanol that meets the current energy efficiency benchmarks should increase by an average of 20 percentage points. The coal power sector is aimed to see a 15-percentage-point increase in such capacity; production capacity below the energy efficiency benchmarks should be virtually eliminated. As a result, savings of over 100 million tons of standard coal in terms of energy use, along with a reduction of over 200 million tons of carbon dioxide emissions, should be achieved. In the refining and ethylene industries. Promote energy-saving and carbon-reduction upgrades for core petroleum refining processes such as atmospheric and vacuum distillation, catalytic cracking, reforming, coking, hydrogen production and hydrogenation, as well as for facilities producing aromatics, olefins, ethylene glycol, etc. Advance the use of efficient catalytic cracking flue gas turbines and low-carbon deep processing technologies for heavy and low-quality residue oils. Accelerate the upgrading of systems for high-efficiency steam generation, cooling and heating, motors, air compressors, and power transmission and distribution. Optimize heat exchange networks, the utilization of low-grade heat, and steam power systems in a coordinated manner. Implement green and low-carbon alternatives for raw materials and fuels, as well as electrical upgrades to energy consumption systems. Units and processes such as atmospheric and vacuum distillation with a capacity of less than 10 million tons per year, catalytic cracking with a capacity of less than 1.5 million tons per year, continuous reforming with a capacity of less than 1 million tons per year, hydrocracking with a capacity of less than 1.5 million tons per year, ethylene production via naphtha cracking with a capacity of less than 800,000 tons per year, and open-type delayed coking should be accelerated in terms of renovation and upgrading. In the methanol and synthetic ammonia industries, efforts are being made to carry out energy-saving and carbon-reduction upgrades for devices such as gasifiers, steam reformers, and high-pressure synthesis towers; advanced technologies such as water-cooled wall coal slurry gasification and low-energy consumption synthesis are being promoted; efficient utilization of waste heat, waste pressure, and gasifier slag is being enhanced; there is an acceleration in the upgrading of energy-consuming equipment such as motors, fans, water pumps, heat pumps, boilers, compressors, and transformers; and green and low-carbon alternatives for raw materials and fuels, along with electrification of energy systems, are being implemented. The transformation and upgrading of facilities and processes such as methanol production from natural gas with a capacity of less than 300,000 tons per year, methanol production from coal with a capacity of less than 1 million tons per year, fixed-bed batch gasification, and the purification of feed gas for ammonia synthesis using the copper washing method should be accelerated. The Notice further strengthens the policy support for energy-saving and carbon-reduction upgrades in key industries by focusing on aspects such as financial assistance, price regulation, policy incentives, and standard setting. For example, increase central government investment support by providing financial subsidies of 20% of the approved total investment for eligible projects, giving priority to those whose energy efficiency reaches benchmark levels after renovation. It is specified that various regions may, in light of local conditions, integrate the current policies regarding differential electricity prices, tiered electricity prices, and punitive electricity prices into a unified differential electricity price system; an additional charge of no more than 0.1 yuan per kilowatt-hour can be applied on top of the market-based electricity prices, with these additional funds being used to offset the costs associated with system operation. The carbon dioxide emissions reduced by existing industrial enterprises through energy-saving and carbon-reduction upgrades can, upon verification, be used as a source for carbon offsetting in new (renovated or expanded) high-carbon and high-energy industrial projects in the region. For key industries included in the national carbon emission trading market, enterprises with a carbon emission intensity lower than the benchmark value are supported to receive reasonable returns from carbon emission allowances. **A responsible official from the Development and Reform Commission said that energy-saving and carbon-reduction upgrades in key industries are a systematic task that requires the full involvement of all relevant parties. All regions should include energy-saving and carbon-reduction upgrades in key industries as part of their annual work plans, strengthen overall planning and implementation efforts, and enhance daily supervision and management. Enterprises in key industries must take responsibility for carrying out energy-saving and carbon-reduction upgrades, formulate specific plans based on actual conditions, and accelerate the implementation of such upgrades; central state-owned enterprises should play a leading role as examples.