Introduction to the core of laboratory ultra-pure water systems

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　　Reverse osmosis membrane in reverse osmosis technology: Reverse osmosis involves applying external pressure to create a pressure difference greater than the osmotic pressure, forcing water molecules to pass through a semipermeable membrane to the side with lower concentration. Reverse osmosis can remove the vast majority of contaminants, including inorganic ions, in the range of 90%-99%. 　　The service life of reverse osmosis membranes and the quality of the water produced are directly related to their quality; the quality of the water output has a direct impact on the service life of the ultra-purification columns. Therefore, it is essential to choose high-quality brands for reverse osmosis membranes. 　　Ultra-purification column for ultra-pure water. The ultra-purification column operates on the principle of ion exchange: positive ions in water exchange places with H ions in the ion exchange resin, while negative ions in water exchange places with OH- ions on the ion exchange resin, thereby achieving the purification of water. By using ion exchange to remove ions, it is theoretically possible to eliminate almost all ionic substances; at 25°C, the resistivity of the effluent can reach 18.25 MΩ. 　　The quality of the water output from the ultra-purification column depends mainly on the quality of the ion exchange resin filled inside it. The service life of a super-purification column is determined by the quality of the ion exchange resin and the amount of resin used. The amount of ion exchange resin installed is directly proportional to its service life; therefore, it is essential to choose high-quality ion exchange resin.