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1. Temperature: Conductivity is greatly influenced by the temperature of the water sample; the higher the temperature of the water sample, the greater the ion activity and thus the higher the conductivity. The electrical conductivity of metals decreases as the temperature rises. The conductivity of semiconductors increases as the temperature rises. 2. Degree of doping: The degree of doping in solid-state semiconductors can cause significant variations in conductivity. Increasing the degree of doping results in high electrical conductivity. The conductivity of an aqueous solution depends on the concentration of solute salts it contains, or other chemical impurities that can decompose into electrolytes. The conductivity of water samples is an important indicator for measuring the salt content, ion content, impurities, and so on in water. The purer the water, the lower its conductivity (and the higher its resistivity). 3. Anisotropy: Some materials exhibit anisotropic conductivity. The above is the editor’s explanation regarding the factors that affect the determination of conductivity in ultra-pure water equipment; different industries have varying requirements for the quality of the water produced. In industries where the requirements for water quality are not very high, the conductivity of the water produced by ultra-pure water equipment is higher than that of ordinary water, which means that frequent testing is not necessary; usually, testing once a month is sufficient. For industries with high requirements regarding water quality, such as the electronics industry and those that use precision materials, water quality must be tested on a daily basis. Poor water quality can directly lead to a decline in product quality, thereby increasing production costs.