How do I read drawings? How is acceptance verified?

Thread Content

How do I read drawings? How is acceptance verified? I. What to look for in a geological survey report
1. First, carefully read the evaluation of the site and the recommendations regarding foundation selection provided in the geological data, so as to gain a general understanding of the site’s conditions. 2. Based on the geological cross-section and the physical indicators of each soil layer, evaluate and understand the site’s geological structure, soil layer distribution, stability, and homogeneity. 3. Observe whether the actual conditions on site deviate from the geological report. 4. Combine the settlement observation values of the main structure with the geological report to analyze the reasons for the large settlement values, thereby ensuring project quality. http://img.civilcn.com/d/file/zhishi/aqwm/2020-04-01/286cd04e10720a0c96759c572547ead0.jpg 5. Have any adverse geological conditions affecting the foundation been detected, such as soil cavities, karst caves, soft soil, groundwater conditions, etc.? Note that in geological reports regarding groundwater, it is common to see a statement such as “No groundwater was observed during the survey.” If there is a basement and the ground consists of impermeable layers, such as rock, then water pressure must be taken into account during the design process. Once water enters the excavation area and has nowhere to go, failure to consider this factor during design can lead to serious problems. In such cases, the owner and design team must be contacted immediately. II. What to focus on in structural and architectural construction drawings: http://img.civilcn.com/d/file/zhishi/aqwm/2020-04-01/09e3241ace3840b1bcc7f5bc677803b7.png 1. Structural and architectural design specifications. 2. Basic plan and details: Dimensional positioning of the foundation, heating trench drawings, and drawings showing openings in the foundation. 3. Plans and detailed drawings, which mainly include formwork plans, detailed drawings of special joints, layout of prefabricated slabs, reinforcement arrangement for cast-in-place slabs, layout of lintels, canopies, balconies, cornices and their sectional details, staircase layout, elevation of slab tops, beam layout and their numbering, dimensions of openings in slabs and their supplementary reinforcement, as well as locations and detailed drawings of manholes and ventilation openings on the roof. 4. Stair detail. 5. Beam details, planar reinforcement layout. 6. Column details and construction. 7. Details and construction of walls and hidden columns. 8. Layout of ring beams and structural columns and their sectional details. 9. Details and construction of non-structural elements. III. What are the contents of construction claims? 1. Adverse natural conditions and human-made obstacles. 2. Claims for extension or delay of the project timeline. 3. Claim for accelerated construction. 4. Claims arising from temporary interruptions in construction and reduced work efficiency. 5. Claims arising from the owner’s improper termination of the project. 6. Claims arising from owner’s risks and special risks. 7. Claims arising from overdue payment of project funds. IV. What exactly is checked during trench inspection? Trench inspection is carried out to determine the soil quality and any special characteristics of the foundation trench, so as to decide on appropriate measures for dealing with abnormal ground conditions; it also helps to determine whether further drilling is necessary, whether the original foundation design needs to be revised, and to verify the information available and the external conditions of the project. 1. Whether the foundation soil layer is the one specified by the geological department at the time of design, and whether there are any differences, is primarily the responsibility of the surveyors. http://img.civilcn.com/d/file/zhishi/aqwm/2020-04-01/a8b028f7c8c641cc2a850c37ca8f903f.jpg 2. Whether the foundation depth meets the design requirements, whether the bearing stratum is in place or if there is over-excavation, whether the dimensions of the foundation pit are correct, as well as the axis position and any deviations, and the dimensions of the foundation itself. 3. Verify the geological report; in case of any discrepancies, resolve them through negotiation and modify the design plan. 4. Whether there is water accumulation in the foundation pit, and whether the soil layer at the base has been disturbed. 5. Are there any other factors that affect the quality of foundation construction (such as whether the slope gradient of the foundation pit is appropriate, and whether there are any landslides)? V. What to check when inspecting rebar 1. Rebar anchorage. 2. Number and diameter of steel bars. 3. Reinforcement spacing. 4. Reinforcement cover. 5. Stirrup hooks. http://img.civilcn.com/d/file/zhishi/aqwm/2020-04-01/d7cd74380ced2ec51997df18bf035146.jpg6. Reinforcement for post-cast strips. 7. Tie bars. 8. Lap length of steel bars and joint rate. 9. Steel bar joint area. 10. Steel bar certification and test report. http://img.civilcn.com/d/file/zhishi/aqwm/2020-04-01/88dc39c5f003a213ccb78ef7efb99a68.jpg VI. What to check during the inspection of the main structure The key points to consider during the inspection of the main structure include: 1. Whether the dimensions of beams, columns, and slabs meet the design requirements, as well as the quality of their formation – checking for issues such as honeycombing or uneven surfaces. Also, check for any signs of repairs; if there are, inquire about the reason for the repairs and whether they have had an impact on the structure. 2. Whether the embedded components are installed accurately, whether the reinforcement bars are provided as required, whether the water passages for rainwater pipes are positioned correctly, whether equipment in areas such as bathrooms is installed in accordance with specifications, and whether the reinforcement bars for the subsequently installed partition panels are provided, etc. 3. Whether the mortar in the masonry work is sufficient in quantity and has adequate strength (this can be checked by trying to pull it with the hand); how well the masonry is laid out, whether it is straight; and whether the wall surface is smooth. Whether construction joints are provided in the structural columns within the masonry; whether the masonry beneath the frame beams is compacted; and whether the ring beams are installed as required. Whether the thickness of the mortar leveling layer on the wall is too thick, etc. 4. Check the settlement records during the construction of each layer to see if there are any excessive differences in settlement. What is the increase in settlement per layer, and what are the settlement differences between various observation points? If the discrepancy is too large, first increase the observation density. 5. Check construction records, certificates of conformity for various materials, strength test reports of specimens, etc. VII. What is inspected during completion acceptance? 1. Inspect the quality of the physical structure of the project. 2. Check the completion documents provided by all parties involved in the project construction. 3. Conduct random inspections and tests on the functional capabilities of the project. Such as: water spraying tests in toilets and balconies, water filling tests in bathtubs, basins, and pools, water and power supply tests, ball passing tests for the sewage main pipes, as well as tests for insulation resistance, grounding resistance, and leakage trip functions. 4. Conduct a summary discussion on the completion inspection results, and hear from the quality supervision agency regarding the quality supervision of the project. 5. Form an opinion on the completion acceptance, fill out the \"Record-Filing Form for Completion Acceptance of Construction Projects\" and the \"Completion Acceptance Report for Construction Projects\", with the members of the acceptance team signing their names and the construction unit stamping the documents. 6. If serious issues are identified during the acceptance process and the requirements for completion acceptance are not met, the acceptance team shall order the responsible party to make immediate corrections, declare this acceptance invalid, and arrange a new date for the completion acceptance. 7. When quality issues that generally require rectification are identified during the completion inspection process, the inspection team may formulate preliminary inspection opinions, fill out the relevant forms, and have relevant personnel sign them, but the construction unit will not affix its official seal. The acceptance team shall order the relevant responsible units to make corrections; it may delegate the project manager of the construction unit to organize a re-inspection. Once the corrections are completed and meet the requirements, the official seal of the construction unit shall be affixed. 8. When the members of the completion inspection team fail to reach a consensus on the completion inspection, they shall negotiate to find a solution; once an agreement is reached, the project completion inspection shall be conducted again. If no agreement can be reached through negotiation, the matter should be referred to the construction administration department or quality supervision agency for coordination and adjudication.