Thread Content
1. Laboratory Safety Regulations 1.1 Dress Code: 1. When entering the laboratory, it is necessary to wear the appropriate work clothing as required. 2. When conducting experiments or research involving hazardous substances, volatile organic solvents, specific chemical substances, or other toxic chemicals listed by the Environmental Protection Agency, it is necessary to wear protective gear (protective masks, protective gloves, protective glasses). 3. Wearing contact lenses is strictly prohibited during experiments. (To prevent chemical agents from splashing into the eyes and causing damage) 4. Long hair and loose clothing must be properly secured, and shoes must be worn throughout the entire process of handling chemicals. 5. When performing experiments with high temperatures, heat-resistant gloves must be worn. 1.2 Dietary rules: 1. Avoid eating or drinking in the laboratory, and wash your hands thoroughly before eating after handling chemicals. 2. It is strictly prohibited to chew gum in the laboratory. 3. Food must not be stored in refrigerators or cabinets that contain chemicals. 1.3 Regulations regarding the receipt, storage, and handling of drugs: 1. When handling hazardous chemicals, be sure to follow the operating procedures, adhere to the instructor’s guidelines, or carry out the experiment accordingly ； Do not change the experimental procedure on your own. 2. When collecting the medication, check whether the Chinese name indicated on the container is that of the experimental drug required. 3. When picking up medications, please read carefully the hazard labels and diagrams on them ； Is there any harm? 4. When using volatile organic solvents, strong acids and bases, highly corrosive substances, or toxic chemicals, it is essential to carry out the operations in a special fume hood or a desktop exhaust pipe. 5. Organic solvents, solid chemical reagents, and acid and base compounds must be stored separately; volatile chemical reagents should especially be kept in cabinets equipped with exhaust ventilation. 6. Chemicals that are highly volatile or prone to oxidation must be stored in a refrigerator or freezer. 7. Avoid conducting dangerous experiments in the laboratory alone. 8. If experiments are to be conducted without supervision, the experimental setup must take adequate precautions against fire, explosion, and water damage. The laboratory lights should remain on, and the door should bear the contact information of the person to be contacted in case of an emergency, as well as information regarding potential disasters. 9. Conducting dangerous experiments requires approval from the laboratory director, and they can only be carried out in the presence of two or more people. Dangerous experiments are strictly prohibited on holidays and at night. 10. Experiments involving hazardous gases must be conducted in a fume hood. 11. When conducting experiments involving radiation, lasers, or other substances that pose significant risks to the human body, strict safety measures must be established, and proper personal protection should be used. 12. Discarded medication solutions, expired medications, or waste must be properly labeled according to their categories. Waste (liquids) resulting from the use of medications must not be poured into sinks or drains; instead, they should be placed in specialized collection containers for recycling. 1.4 Regulations regarding electrical safety: 1. The installation and use of electrical equipment in the laboratory must comply with the regulations on safe electricity use. High-power experimental equipment should be connected to dedicated power lines; it is strictly prohibited to share these lines with lighting circuits, in order to prevent fires caused by overloading. 2. When determining the electrical capacity for the laboratory, it is necessary to consider the future expansion needs of its operations and leave some margin. But it’s not allowed to randomly connect or splice electrical wires. 3. The electrical wiring, distribution panels, boards, boxes, cabinets, and other devices within the laboratory, as well as all kinds of switches, sockets, plugs, etc., in the wiring system must be kept in good working condition at all times. The fuses used in fuse devices must be compatible with the permissible capacity of the circuit; it is strictly prohibited to use any other wires as substitutes. All indoor lighting fixtures must be kept in a stable and functional condition at all times. 4. In buildings where flammable or explosive gases or powders may be present, electrical wiring and devices must use explosion-proof types in accordance with relevant regulations. 5. Be aware of the areas and devices within the laboratory where static electricity may be generated; they should be clearly marked and labeled with warnings. Appropriate preventive measures must be taken against any potential hazards they may cause. 6. The high-voltage and high-frequency equipment used in the laboratory must be regularly maintained, and reliable protective measures must be in place. Any equipment that requires safe grounding must be grounded ； Regularly inspect the wiring and measure the grounding resistance. Equipment designed and manufactured independently to automatically control existing electrical installations must pass an acceptance inspection organized by the Laboratory and Equipment Department’s Technical Safety Office before it can be used. For equipment or devices designed and manufactured by oneself, the electrical wiring portion should also be checked by a professional to ensure it is correct before being put into use. 7. Open flames must not be used for heating in the laboratory, and smoking is strictly prohibited. Places where experiments with an open flame must be conducted can only be used after obtaining approval. 8. Do not touch electrical appliances or equipment if your hands are wet or damp ； The electrical outlets next to the sink must not be used (to prevent electric leakage or shock). 9. Professionals in the laboratory must be familiar with the performance and operating methods of the instruments and equipment available there, and must operate them strictly in accordance with the established procedures. 10. Mechanical equipment should be equipped with protective devices or other guards. 11. Do not plug too many devices into electrical outlets, to avoid overloading the circuit and causing electrical fires. 12. Do not use electrical equipment that lacks grounding facilities to avoid electric shock or injury. 1.5 Safety regulations for pressure vessels 1. Gas cylinders should be used for their designated purpose only; they must not be modified to hold other types of gases ； 2. Gas cylinders should be stored in a cool, dry place away from heat sources; the distance between gas cylinders containing flammable gases and open flames should be at least 5 meters ； Hydrogen cylinders should be isolated as much as possible ； 3. Handle gas cylinders gently and carefully, and place them firmly ； 4. Various types of barometers should generally not be used interchangeably ； 5. Oxygen cylinders must not be contaminated with oil; be careful of oil on hands, wrenches, or clothing ； 6. The gas in the cylinder must not be used up to prevent backflow ； 7. When opening the valve, one should stand on the side of the pressure gauge; never point the head or body at the main valve of the gas cylinder, to prevent the valve or pressure gauge from flying out and causing injury. 8. Handling should only be carried out after confirming that the cover is locked. 9. When lifting and transporting containers, do not use electromagnets, slings, ropes, etc. for direct lifting. 10. Use trolleys for movement within the factory as much as possible, ensuring they remain stable and upright. 11. When moving the container by hand, it should be moved upright; it must not be rolled on its side. 12. It should be secured when in use, and the color of the container’s exterior should remain distinct and easily recognizable. 13. The container may be used only after confirming that its purpose is correct. 14. Check the pipelines for air leaks monthly. 15. Check whether the pressure gauge is functioning properly. 1.6 Environmental Hygiene 1. All laboratories should pay attention to environmental hygiene and must be kept clean. 2. To reduce dust generation, cleaning should be carried out outside working hours. 3. Covered trash bins should be regularly cleaned and disinfected to maintain a clean environment. 4. Waste removal and disposal must meet sanitary standards; it should be dumped in designated locations, and must not be discarded or piled up arbitrarily to avoid compromising environmental hygiene. 5. All toxic or flammable waste materials must be treated specially to prevent fires or harm to human health. 6. The window surfaces and the light-transmitting parts of lighting fixtures must be kept clean. 7. Keep all corridors and stairs free of obstructions. 8. When oils or chemicals spill on the floor or workbench, they should be wiped clean immediately. 9. Cultivate a good habit among users to pick up debris on the floor at any time, to ensure that the workplace remains clean. 10. Garbage or waste shall not be piled up in the operating area or offices. 11. Industrial fire-fighting water should be stored in a separate location from drinking water. 12. Bathrooms, toilets, drains, etc. should be kept clean at all times. 2. Safety protection 2.1 Fire prevention 1. Prevent leaks from gas pipes and gas lamps; be sure to close the valves properly after using gas ； 2. Organic solvents such as ether, alcohol, acetone, carbon disulfide, and benzene are flammable; large quantities of them should not be kept in the laboratory, and they must not be poured into the sewer system to avoid fires caused by accumulation ； 3. Metal sodium, potassium, aluminum powder, calcium carbide, yellow phosphorus, and metal hydrides require careful handling and storage, especially as they should not come into direct contact with water ； 4. In the event of a fire, remain calm, assess the situation, and take appropriate measures to extinguish it ； Depending on the situation, water, sand, foam, CO2, or CCl4 fire extinguishers can be used to put out fires. 2.2 Explosion prevention 2.2.1 The explosions of chemical substances are divided into chain reactions and thermal explosions. 1. Flammable gases such as hydrogen, ethylene, acetylene, benzene, ethanol, ether, propane, ethyl acetate, carbon monoxide, water gas, and ammonia, when mixed with air to reach their explosive limits, can easily undergo chain reactions once triggered by a heat source ； 2. Explosive substances such as peroxides, perchlorates, lead azide, copper acetylide, and trinitrotoluene may undergo thermal explosions when subjected to shock or heat. 2.2.2 Explosion prevention measures 1. To prevent branch explosions, it is essential to stop combustible gases or vapors from spreading into the indoor air, and to ensure good ventilation inside the area. When large amounts of flammable gases are used, the use of open flames and electrical appliances that may generate sparks is strictly prohibited ； 2. To prevent thermal explosions, strong oxidizers and strong reducers must be stored separately; when using them, handle them with care and keep them away from heat sources. 2.3 Burns prevention: In addition to high temperatures, substances such as liquid nitrogen, strong acids, strong bases, strong oxidizing agents, bromine, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, phenol, and acetic acid can also cause skin burns ； Care should be taken to avoid skin contact, and especially to prevent it from getting into the eyes. 2.4 Radiation Protection 1. The radiation in chemical laboratories refers mainly to X-rays; prolonged and repeated exposure to X-rays can cause fatigue, decreased memory, headaches, and a reduction in white blood cell counts. 2. The method of protection is to avoid direct exposure of various parts of the body (especially the head) to X-rays; shielding and time reduction are necessary during operations, with materials such as lead and lead glass being commonly used for shielding. 3. Treatment of “three wastes” 3.1 Exhaust gases 1. Experiments that generate small amounts of toxic gases should be conducted in a fume hood. A small amount of toxic gas is expelled outdoors through exhaust equipment ； 2. Experiments that generate large amounts of toxic gases must be equipped with absorption or treatment devices. 3.2 Waste residues: Small amounts of toxic waste residues should be buried at designated underground locations. 3.3 Waste Liquids 1. For acidic waste liquids, they can first be filtered using acid-resistant plastic mesh or glass fiber, after which an alkali is added to neutralize them; once the pH value is adjusted to 6-8, the liquid can be discharged, while any small amount of residue is buried underground. 2. For highly toxic waste liquids, appropriate measures must be taken to eliminate their toxicity before they can be processed. 3. A large amount of water for condensation is used in the laboratory; it is pollution-free and can be discharged directly. 4. For washing purposes; with minimal contamination, it can be discharged into the sewer. 5. Acid, alkali, and saline solutions are all poured into the acid, alkali, and salt wastewater buckets after use; after neutralization, they are discharged into the sewer system. 6. Organic solvents are recovered into organic waste drums, and recovered through separation methods such as distillation and rectification. 7. Centralized treatment of heavy metal ions (including) by precipitation methods; 4. Pre-treatment for laboratory injuries; 4.1 Ordinary wounds: Clean the wound with normal saline and secure it with adhesive tape. 4.2 Burns and scalds: Rinse with cold water for 15 to 30 minutes to reduce heat and relieve pain → Wipe with saline solution (do not apply ointments, toothpaste, or soy sauce, nor cover with gauze) → Rush the victim to the hospital. (Note: Do not puncture blisters on your own.) 4.3 Chemical burns: Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water → Cover the wound with sterile gauze or a sterilized cloth → Seek immediate medical attention.