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1 Educational background information: Educational background information refers to the documents proving a person’s educational qualifications and degrees. Generally, laboratories only require copies of academic certificates, degree certificates, and completion certificates. When collecting educational background information from laboratory staff and filing it, the information should be reviewed in light of the skill requirements of different personnel in the laboratory. The table lists the requirements regarding the educational background of laboratory personnel, including accreditation criteria, evaluation criteria for qualification certification, and explanations on the application of accreditation criteria in specific fields. Laboratory staff receive continuing education as part of their work, and documents such as degree certificates should also be promptly added to their technical records. 2 Work experience documents: Some members of the laboratory have prior work experience before starting to work there. If they were previously engaged in work related to their current field of expertise, the laboratory should request relevant documentation to prove their work experience, such as resumes, employment letters, and certificates of professional qualifications at various levels. For those whose starting point for work is in this laboratory, the laboratory should also have corresponding documents or record forms to promptly update their length of service. This is because regulations such as the recognition standards allow, in cases where the educational qualifications of certain position holders do not meet the requirements, a certain amount of professional work experience and professional title level to serve as a substitute. Such as key technical personnel, authorized signatories, etc. When conducting laboratory evaluations or authorizing personnel for corresponding positions, the technical records of those individuals play a key role in providing relevant information. 3 Training Materials Training materials can be divided into those for training before employees start working and those for on-the-job training during work. Testers are the core of a laboratory, and their capabilities directly affect the quality of the test results. Whether they are recent graduates, individuals with work experience, or those who have changed roles or returned to work, they must undergo training before taking on specific testing positions. Therefore, the technical files of all testing personnel must include the training materials received before they start working; in general laboratories, the training process of these personnel is recorded in the form of training record forms. During the work of laboratory staff, in order to ensure that their skills meet the requirements of continuously evolving testing methods and techniques, the laboratory organizes internal training or sends the testers to attend external training. All such trainings should be properly documented and added to an individual’s technical file after the training is completed. According to CNAS-CL01 5.5.2, \"the effectiveness of these training activities shall be evaluated.\" Therefore, those responsible for archiving the technical records of laboratory staff must ensure that, when archiving them, it is verified that an assessment of the training outcomes has been recorded, along with the signatures of the relevant personnel. 4 Documents of authorization and/or qualification verification: Laboratory personnel must undergo qualification verification and possess the corresponding authorization documents before taking up their duties. The main methods for verifying the qualifications of laboratory personnel through assessment are as follows: 1) Evaluation of experimental procedures: Conducting tests on blind samples, samples with known results, or quality control samples. Whether routine operations meet the requirements of standards or procedure manuals, including analysis of testing processes and result reporting, as well as instrument maintenance. 2) Theoretical assessment: Understanding of relevant knowledge and problem-solving ability. 3) Assessing problem-solving ability: responses to relevant questions posed orally, etc. 4) Personnel supervision: Direct observation of the personnel’s testing process, including their ability to comply with standards, the standardization of their operations, and the maintenance of instruments as well as the inspection of their functions. 5) Review of monitoring experiment result reports and records: The relevant qualification verification documents may include written answers to theoretical exams, original test records/reporting on the testing of blind samples/quality control samples/samples retained for reference/international comparison samples, records of personnel supervision, the laboratory’s evaluation criteria for specific experimental procedures, and records of personnel’s performance. Lab managers should delegate authority to 5 specific types of personnel, including: 1) personnel responsible for specific types of sampling ； 2) Personnel responsible for testing and/or calibration ； 3) Personnel who issue test reports and calibration certificates ； 4) Persons who provide opinions and explanations ； 5) Personnel operating specific types of equipment. ”These categories of personnel must have corresponding authorization documents. The laboratory can determine the format of such documents on its own, but the authorization for specific individuals must be clear and specific, indicating tasks such as performing a particular test or operating a certain piece of equipment. The date of authorization must be accurate and true, and it must bear the signature of the person responsible for granting the authorization. 5 Certificates obtained: Certificates refer mainly to those acquired by individuals as a result of participating in various training programs or assessments during their work. Such as internal auditor certificates, reviewer certificates, auditor certificates, professional and technical qualification (title) certificates at various levels, authorization certificates, instrument operation certificates, English proficiency certificates, award certificates, etc. Internal auditor certificates, authorization letters (or other equivalent authorization documents), and instrument operation certificates are key focuses during audits, as they are related to the critical elements of the accreditation criteria. Instructions for use in specialized fields should be taken into account; for example, in microbiology laboratories, CNAS-CL09:2013 «Guidelines for the application of laboratory competence recognition criteria in the field of microbiology» specifies in 5.2.1d) that \"if the autoclaves used by the laboratory are not considered simple pressure vessels, the operators must hold certificates as qualified personnel for such tasks.\" ”6. Documentation of technical proficiency: Such documentation mainly includes papers, monographs, research achievements, patent certificates published by the individuals during their employment, as well as materials related to projects they led or participated in. The laboratory should gradually improve the collection of various technical materials related to its staff; a comprehensive technical profile of the staff represents an overall overview of the laboratory’s personnel.