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Lecture 6: Personal Protective Equipment. Why is personal protective equipment needed? Various dangers and harmful factors present in the production process can harm workers’ bodies, damage their health, and even endanger their lives. Labor protection equipment refers to the various items worn and used during work to protect the human body from harmful physical, chemical, biological, and other factors. Personal protective equipment: 1. The protective functions of safety helmets: (1) Preventing injury from falling objects; (2) Protecting the head from injuries resulting from falls from heights; (3) Preventing mechanical injuries; (4) Preventing damage to hair caused by contamination. 2. Protective glasses and face shields include welding goggles, goggles and face shields for workers in furnaces, as well as eyes protection against microwaves and debris. (1) Prevent foreign objects from entering the eyes. (2) Protect against damage caused by chemical substances. (3) Protect against damage from strong light, ultraviolet rays, and infrared rays. (4) Protect against damage from microwaves, lasers, and ionizing radiation. 3. Protective shoes: The functions of protective shoes are: (1) To prevent injuries caused by falling objects or cuts. (2) Prevent damage from high and low temperatures. It can also prevent frostbite. (3) Prevent damage from acidic and alkaline chemicals. (4) Prevent electric shock injuries. (5) Prevent static electricity damage. Static electricity can cause secondary accidents such as falls from heights. 4. Respiratory protectors can be divided into two main categories based on their structure and principle: filtering types and supplied-air isolation types. (1) Self-priming filtering respirators are those that filter and purify harmful substances using the wearer’s own breath. (2) The working principle of a isolated respirator is to isolate the wearer’s respiratory organs from a contaminated environment, and it is a protective device that maintains normal breathing by supplying air or oxygen. Used in work environments with low oxygen levels, severe dust and toxic pollution, unclear conditions, or life-threatening situations. Functions of dust and gas-proof breathing equipment: 1. To prevent the hazards of occupational dust. Since operations such as crushing and screening of solid materials generate dust, the inhalation of this dust into lung tissue can cause fibrotic changes in the lungs, a condition known as pneumoconiosis. Using dust and gas protection equipment will prevent and reduce the occurrence of pneumoconiosis. 2. Prevent harm from harmful chemicals during the production process. Toxins such as carbon monoxide and benzene that are present during the production process can enter the human body and cause occupational poisoning. Using dust and gas protection equipment will prevent and reduce the occurrence of occupational poisoning. 5. Ear protection devices include earplugs, earmuffs, and ear caps; their main function is to prevent damage caused by noise. (1) Prevent the hazards of mechanical noise. (2) Prevent the hazards of aerodynamic noise. (3) Prevent the hazards of electromagnetic noise. 6. Protective gloves are mainly cotton gloves; there are also those made by impregnating new types of rubber or polyurethane plastics. Gloves made of different materials can be used in various workplaces. (1) Prevent damage from fire, high temperatures, and low temperatures. (2) Prevent damage from electromagnetic and ionizing radiation. (3) Prevent damage from electricity and chemicals. (4) Prevent impact, cutting, abrasion, microbial invasion, and infection. 7. Safety belts prevent workers from falling from heights. Precautions for using seat belts: 1. When using a seat belt, check whether its components are intact and free from damage; the various metal fittings should not be welded, their edges should be smooth, and the product should carry an \"safety certification\" mark. 2. When using a guardrail safety belt, the guardrail rope is equipped with a protective cover; it is not allowed to drag the rope across the ground, as this may damage the cover and affect the main rope. 3. The safety belt should not be worn low and used at a high position, as doing so results in greater impact forces in the event of a fall, causing more harm to the body. 8. Principles for the use of personal protective equipment 1. It is the responsibility of enterprises to provide workers with the necessary personal protective equipment. Enterprise workers should properly select protective equipment with appropriate performance based on the requirements of different usage locations and job positions. 2. Those who use personal protective equipment must understand the performance of the equipment they are using as well as the correct way to use it. 3. Before using personal protective equipment, it must be thoroughly inspected; those that are damaged or severely worn out must be replaced promptly. It should be checked regularly and placed in a location that is easily accessible. 4. Properly maintain protective equipment.