Thread Content
Requirements for construction organization designs, plan classification, and construction operation instructions: In the process of project management, preparing construction organization designs, construction technical plans, and construction operation instructions in a scientific and standardized manner is an important foundation for ensuring project quality, safety, schedule adherence, and cost control. To standardize the construction management process and improve the overall project management level, in accordance with **relevant standards, specifications, and industry management requirements, the requirements for preparing construction organization designs, scheme classifications, and construction operation instructions are systematically outlined herein. I. Construction Organization Design: The construction organization design is a technical and managerial document that guides the entire process of project construction; it serves as the key basis for achieving scientific organization, rational planning, and optimal allocation of resources. Based on the nature and scale of the project, construction organization designs are divided into two categories: \"general construction organization design\" and \"specialized construction organization design\". New construction and renovation projects must prepare a comprehensive construction organization plan. To improve operability and relevance, the construction organization design should be prepared in segments based on installations and units, to ensure orderly coordination among various construction phases and rational allocation of resources. Through modular organization, it is possible to effectively address issues such as interdisciplinary overlaps and sequential connections in complex projects, thereby improving construction efficiency. For the following specific projects, a special construction organization plan shall be prepared: 1. Temporary power supply projects (except those already included in the overall construction organization plan). Temporary power use poses significant risks to construction safety; therefore, a separate special plan must be developed to specify the power load, wiring layout, protective measures, and emergency response procedures. 2. Unit projects with narrow working areas, high risks, and requiring cross-task operations. Such projects involve high safety risks, and it is necessary to optimize the construction sequence through specialized organizational design, as well as define safety protection measures and coordination mechanisms. 3. Single-unit commissioning project for extra-large units. The commissioning process involves various requirements such as equipment operation, system integration, and safety monitoring; therefore, it is necessary to develop a specific plan for the commissioning procedures, personnel allocation, and emergency response. 4. Projects for which special construction organization plans are required as stipulated by other specific standards and regulations. For projects such as deep foundation pits, high-formwork construction, and large-scale lifting operations, a separate special plan must be prepared in accordance with **relevant regulations or local rules. The special construction organization design shall be prepared by the project’s technical supervisor, implemented after being approved by the construction unit’s chief technical officer, and submitted to the supervisor and the construction entity for review and filing. II. Classification and Requirements of Construction Technical Plans Construction technical plans are documents that detail the technical approaches for specific construction tasks. Based on the technical complexity, safety risks, and importance of each task, they are classified into three categories: major construction technical plans, specialized construction technical plans, and general construction technical plans. 1. Major construction technical plans: For the following projects, major construction technical plans must be prepared and approved by the chief technical officer of the construction unit; when necessary, expert reviews should also be conducted: (1) New technologies, new materials, or new processes that are being used for the first time. Due to the lack of mature experience, thorough technical evaluation and risk assessment are required ； (2) Large-volume concrete projects with a single continuous pouring volume of 1,000 m³ or more. Special attention must be paid to controlling heat of hydration, temperature-induced cracks, and curing measures ； (3) Thermal insulation and wear-resistant lining project. It involves special environments such as high temperatures and corrosion, thus imposing high requirements on material properties and construction techniques ； (4) On-site welding of three types of pressure vessels and equipment for catalytic cracking reaction regeneration systems, as well as on-site fabrication of large aluminum and stainless steel silos. It belongs to the category of high-risk special equipment construction, and strict compliance with regulations is mandatory ； (5) Design the installation and commissioning of units with an outlet pressure ≥ 10 MPa or a rotational speed ≥ 10,000 r/min. High-parameter equipment has extremely high requirements for installation precision and commissioning procedures ； (6) Pipeline welding and installation works of SHA1 grade as specified in GB 50517. It belongs to high-risk medium pipelines, and the welding quality directly affects the safety of the system ； (7) Lifting operations for workpieces with a mass of ≥100t or a length of ≥60m. Lifting calculations, lifting equipment selection, and on-site safety management are required ； (8) Welding and heat treatment of special materials such as nickel and nickel alloys, zirconium, titanium, aluminum-magnesium alloys, and chromium-molybdenum steels with a chromium content of ≥5%. The welding properties of such materials are complex, and defects such as cracks and embrittlement tend to occur ； (9) Pond projects with a volume exceeding 10,000 m³. It involves technical challenges such as large-scale structures, impermeability and crack resistance, and foundation treatment. 2. Special construction technical plans The following projects require the preparation of special construction technical plans, which shall be drafted by the project’s technical supervisor and approved by the construction unit’s chief technical officer: (1) High-rise and large-span building projects (such as those with 25 floors or more, a single span of 30m or more, or a total height of 50m or more) ； (2) Mass concrete structures (continuous pouring ≥ 500 m³ or lifting capacity ≥ 50 t) ； (3) Concrete chimney project ； (4) Ground-mounted steel pipe scaffolds with a erection height of 24 m and above ； (5) Steel structural frames and towers with a height of ≥100m ； (6) High-pressure pneumatic test (equipment ≥ 0.6 MPa, pipelines ≥ 1.6 MPa) ； (7) Crane installation project ； (8) Installation and commissioning of 110KV and above substations ； (9) Equipment demolition work ； (10) Plans that require approval in accordance with special regulations or requirements set by government supervisory authorities, such as the projects listed in the “Safety Management Measures for Sub-projects with Relatively High Risks”. 3. For other sub-projects that are not part of the aforementioned major and specialized plans, general construction technical plans should be prepared to guide routine construction activities. The plan should include construction methods, process flows, quality control points, etc., and shall be implemented after approval by the project’s technical supervisor. III. Requirements for construction operation instructions Construction operation instructions are standardized documents that provide direct guidance for on-site operations; they are prepared according to different work processes and serve as a key means to achieve \"standardization of work processes and normalization of operations.\" Its core content should include: ● Key points of process operation: specifying construction steps, operation methods, tool usage, personnel allocation, etc ； ● Quality requirements: Specific quality criteria shall be established in accordance with the design documents and acceptance specifications ； ● Inspection methods: Specify the procedures and standards for self-inspection, mutual inspection, and specialized inspection, and define the inspection tools and frequency. Construction operation instructions should be practical, targeted, and forward-looking, with concise language and illustrations to facilitate understanding and implementation by front-line workers. All construction work instructions must be approved by the project’s technical supervisor before being issued for implementation, and they serve as an important basis for technical briefings. During the construction process, it should be revised and improved in a timely manner based on the actual conditions on site to ensure its continued effectiveness. IV. Management Requirements and Implementation Guarantees To ensure the effective implementation of the aforementioned documents, the construction unit shall establish and improve its technical management system, and define the responsibilities of technical supervisors at all levels. All construction organization designs, technical plans, and operating instructions shall be included in the project’s technical documentation management, ensuring that “preparation is based on criteria, approvals are documented, implementation is inspected, and changes are tracked”. At the same time, technical briefing efforts should be strengthened to ensure that management personnel and workers fully understand the contents of the documents. For major and special plans, it is necessary to organize expert reviews and safety technical briefings, and retain video and written records. The supervision unit shall strictly review the compliance and feasibility of the plan, and supervise the implementation process. Conclusion: The construction organization design, technical plan, and construction operation instructions are the three pillars of technical management in engineering projects. Scientific planning, strict approval, and effective implementation are the fundamental prerequisites for ensuring the safety, quality, and progress of a project. All participating units must attach great importance to this, earnestly fulfill their technical management responsibilities, and promote the development of project management in a more standardized, refined, and professional manner, thereby providing a solid foundation for the high-quality advancement of engineering construction.