How to understand \"outer fiber deformation rate\" and \"remaining elongation rate of the outer material\" through examples?
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Point 1 of clause 6.0.4 in HG/T20584-2011 states that \"for steel pipes made of carbon steel or low-alloy steel, the deformation rate of the outer layer fibers after bending should not be greater than half of the elongation specified in the standards for such pipes; or else, the remaining elongation of the outer layer material should be at least 10%.\" How should we understand the \"deformation rate of the outer layer fibers\" and the \"remaining elongation rate of the outer layer material\"?
I looked up some information on the deformation rate involved in bending steel pipes, but didn’t find any clear answers; it’s really hard to say something definite about this. Similar issues also include the bending radius of the heat exchange tubes and related heat treatment problems
My understanding of this sentence is: the deformation rate of the outer fibers is calculated in the same way as that of the steel plate; it must not be greater than half of the elongation after fracture specified in the standards for steel pipes, or the elongation after fracture specified in those standards minus the deformation rate of the outer fibers must be at least 10%.