Regarding the scope of supply

Different design firms have distinct responsibilities. For bolts that are to be buried, these are usually specified in the drawings prepared by the civil engineering team; the owner purchases them, and they are buried during the civil construction phase. As for those bolts that are to be installed on steel frames, they can be specified in the drawings prepared by the piping engineering team; again, the owner purchases them. After the equipment arrives at the site and is installed, those bolts are then attached. As far as I know, it’s generally not required that the equipment manufacturer provide such bolts, as this makes coordination with on-site construction difficult

It’s better for the manufacturer to supply the equipment along with it; this is generally more appropriate, and the cost from the equipment manufacturer can sometimes be lower than when the owner purchases the equipment themselves. However, in the case of buried installations, civil engineering work is also involved, so it’s better for the owner to purchase the equipment themselves

We handle the foundation bolts in the civil engineering department; the equipment department provides the diameter of the foundation bolts and the stress requirements, while civil engineering is responsible for calculating the length required. Foundation bolts are not supplied by the equipment manufacturer; firstly, it is difficult to coordinate with the site, and secondly, the cost for the manufacturer is higher than that incurred by the civil engineering team.

The requirements from owners or general contractors vary between domestic and international projects. In China, it is usually the equipment specialists who handle the requests, while the civil engineering team is responsible for preparing the drawings and specifying the materials needed. In many international projects, however, it is the equipment manufacturers who are required to carry out the design and specify the materials.

Without calculations specific to civil engineering, it’s impossible to determine the appropriate anchor bolts; it’s not that simple.

Generally, from what I’ve seen, the anchor bolts that need to be buried are handled by the civil engineering team, mainly to facilitate construction. In cases like this, the civil engineering drawings certainly include construction drawings for the anchor bolts, which enables the contractors to plan the procurement and installation of these anchor bolts in line with their own project schedule. There is no need for burial; it goes with the equipment, and the equipment manufacturer ships it to the site along with the equipment. Because with these anchor bolts, arriving at the site in advance raises issues related to storage and management; arriving too early means they won’t be needed, while arriving too late delays things. As for the issues mentioned regarding difficulties in procurement or installation, consultation services are now very well developed. The designers of the anchor bolts will provide specific requirements and even instructions; equipment manufacturers have their own procurement channels, and construction companies (proper construction firms – not just contractors who hire a few temporary workers; they still count as construction firms and do not accept such arrangements) also have their own procurement channels, so procurement is not a problem. As for trial assembly, it can help reduce mismatches during on-site installation; however, it has little effect on anchor bolts. The civil engineering work is carried out according to the construction drawings, the equipment manufacturer produces the equipment based on those drawings, and purchases are made in accordance with the instructions – so any issues related to mismatches are the responsibility of the design team. Trial assembly is a way to avoid problems, but it is not the only one; however, this does not change the fact that the design institute is the key entity in controlling quality.

Foundation bolts are generally handled by the civil engineering team; however, in some projects, the project owners require the container manufacturer to provide the formwork for the foundations of tower-type containers as well, in which case the container manufacturer is responsible for supplying the foundation bolts as well.