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Article 37: The use of special equipment shall include specified safety distances and safety protection measures. Buildings and auxiliary facilities related to the safety of special equipment shall comply with the provisions of relevant laws and administrative regulations. Interpretation of the provision: This article deals with the establishment of safety distances and safety protections for special equipment. 1. The use of special equipment must maintain specified safety distances. The safety distance refers to the minimum separation distance between a hazard source and the objects that may be harmed by it (people, equipment, or the environment). The purpose of a safety distance is to mitigate the impact of foreseeable accidental incidents and prevent small accidents from escalating into major ones. The safety distance includes the fire separation distance. The fire separation distance is the interval that prevents the radiant heat from a burning building from igniting adjacent buildings within a certain period of time, and also facilitates firefighting efforts. At the same time, the safety distance also provides protection for special equipment, preventing foreseeable external damage (such as traffic on roads or flames) or interference from activities other than normal operation (such as the boundaries of the installation). The safety distance is not intended to provide protection against catastrophic accidents or major releases. Catastrophic accidents or major releases are generally addressed through hazard assessments or other methods, with the goal of reducing the frequency or consequences of such accidents to an acceptable level. The safety distance depends on the type of hazard (such as medium toxicity, flammability, oxidizing properties, asphyxiating properties, explosiveness, high pressure, etc.), the design and operating conditions of the special equipment (such as pressure, temperature, speed, etc.), as well as the physical properties of the substances under those conditions. It also takes into account external mitigation measures to prevent the escalation of accidents (such as firewalls, dikes, drainage systems, etc.) and their effectiveness, as well as the potential victims of such accidents (such as humans, the environment, or equipment). The setting of safety distances for special equipment is based on practical experience or calculations related to accidents caused by smaller products. Based on the usage experience of special equipment, the safety protection devices installed, the properties of the materials, and the structure of the equipment, establishing a reasonable safety distance is an important means of preventing sudden accidents involving special equipment or stopping smaller accidents from escalating. II. The use of special equipment must be accompanied by specified safety protection measures. Safety protection refers to the implementation of safeguards through the installation of protective equipment and facilities or by utilizing spatial distances, in order to prevent or mitigate harm to people, equipment, or the environment, thereby keeping the protected entities in a safe state free from danger, damage, and accidents. Obviously, safety protection refers to the technical measures or equipment employed to improve working conditions, reduce labor intensity, avoid or minimize occupational hazards, and prevent safety accidents. Common safety measures include installing various fully fixed or semi-fixed enclosures on moving equipment and facilities ； Install various hand restraint devices and hand release devices ； Setting various limits to prevent dangerous operations and overload protection mechanisms ； Install various devices to prevent misoperations or accidental actions ； Safety monitoring, ventilation, fire prevention, fire extinguishing, explosion protection, pressure relief, dust removal, poison prevention, lightning protection, static electricity prevention, corrosion prevention, leakage prevention, and safety isolation devices installed in various hazardous areas, as well as various warning signs ； Guardrails and enclosures for terraces ； Various anti-slip, anti-toppling, and anti-collapse devices. For example, in boilers where the operator’s standing position is more than 2000 mm above the ground or the operating level, facilities such as platforms, escalators, and protective railings should be provided, and these facilities must meet the requirements of relevant safety technical specifications. III. Buildings and auxiliary facilities related to the safety of special equipment. It shall comply with the provisions of relevant laws and administrative regulations. Special equipment has a wide range of applications and affects millions of households; devices such as elevators are essential in civil buildings, while pressure-bearing equipment is vital in engineering constructions. Therefore, the design, construction, and installation of buildings and auxiliary structures related to the safety of special equipment must comply with laws regarding construction, fire safety, regulations on the supervision of safe construction practices, rules for managing construction sites, and provisions concerning the enforcement of mandatory standards in engineering construction. For example, pressure vessels and pressure pipelines in automobile fuel and gas stations are all typical special equipment; their design, manufacturing, use, and inspection must comply with the requirements of this law as well as relevant safety technical specifications. Meanwhile, the buildings associated with such special equipment, the civil engineering works, the accompanying fire protection facilities, electrical systems, alarm devices, etc., must meet the requirements of relevant building and fire protection laws and regulations.