The quality of the drawings is terrible; failure to follow the drawing standards is the main cause

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CAD Drawing Standards – Basic Requirements 1. All drawings produced by design studios must be accompanied by a drawing cover, drawing instructions, and a drawing index. 　　A. The drawing cover must indicate the project name, drawing type (construction drawings, as-built drawings, design drawings), and drawing date. 　　B. The drawing specifications shall further describe the project, including an overview of the project, its name, the entity responsible for construction, the construction company, and the design agency or architectural design firm, etc. 　　2. Each drawing must include a title, drawing number, scale, and date. 　　3. Print the drawings according to requirements and scale. Common drawing methods >>>> I. Common scales 　1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1:5, 1:6, 1:10 　1:15, 1:20, 1:25, 1:30, 1:40, 1:50, 1:60, 1:80 　1:100, 1:150, 1:200, 1:250, 1:300, 1:400, 1:500 >>>> II. Line types 1. Thick solid line: 0.3mm 　1) The outlines of the main architectural elements that are cut away in plan and sectional views (building plans). 　　2) Contours of indoor and outdoor elevation drawings. 　　3) Surface lines of the building in the detailed drawings of architectural decorative structures. 2. Solid line: 0.15–0.18 mm 　　1) Contour lines of secondary architectural elements that are cut away in plan and sectional views. 　　2) The contour lines of architectural components in indoor and outdoor plan, elevation, and sectional views. 　　3) General contour lines in the detailed drawings of building decoration structures and components. 3. Thin solid line: 0.1mm 　Filled lines, dimension lines, dimension limits, index symbols, elevation symbols, grid lines. 4. Thin dashed line: 0.1–0.13 mm 　　1) Main contour lines that are not sectioned in indoor floor plans and ceiling plans. 　　2) Invisible contour lines of building structures and building decorative components. 　　3) Outline of the building to be expanded. 　　4) Door indication method on the exterior door elevation view. 5. Fine dash line: 0.1–0.13 mm Center line, symmetry line, positioning axis. 6. Fine broken line: 0.1–0.13 mm 　　No need to draw a complete break line. >>>> III. Settings for line widths of drawing lines numbered 1–10: Line 1: Red, 0.1 mm; Line 6: Purple, 0.1–0.13 mm; Line 2: Yellow, 0.1–0.13 mm; Line 7: White, 0.1–0.13 mm; Line 3: Green, 0.1–0.13 mm; Line 8: Gray, 0.05–0.1 mm; Line 4: Light blue, 0.15–0.18 mm; Line 9: Gray, 0.05–0.1 mm; Line 5: Dark blue, 0.3–0.4 mm; Line 10: Red, 0.6–1 mm. Extra-thick lines for Line 10 are used for: 1) Elevation floor lines; 2) Index cut symbols; 3) Lines above icons; 4) Short lines in index icons indicating the location of the referenced diagram within this drawing. >>>> IV. Cut index symbols: 1. m: ø12 mm (on A0, A1, A2 sheets); 2. m: ø10 mm (on A3, A4 sheets). The direction from the extra-thick line to the index line indicates the viewing direction. 3. A: Font size of 5 mm (on A0, A1, A2 sheets); font size of 4 mm (on A3, A4 sheets). 4. B-01: Font size of 3 mm (on A0, A1, A2 sheets); font size of 2.5 mm (on A3, A4 sheets). 5. A represents the reference diagram number, while B-01 represents the reference sheet number; if B-01 is left blank, it indicates that the reference is within this drawing. >>>> V. Index symbols for plan and elevation views: 1. m: ø12 mm (on A0, A1, A2 sheets); 2. m: ø10 mm (on A3, A4 sheets). 3. A1–A4: Font size of 4 mm (on A0, A1, A2 sheets); font size of 3 mm (on A3, A4 sheets). 4. B-01–B-04: Font size of 2.5 mm (on A0, A1, A2 sheets); font size of 2 mm (on A3, A4 sheets). 5. Arrows indicate the viewing direction. >>>> VI. Index symbols for detail drawings: Detail drawing frames: 1. m: ø12 mm (on A0, A1, A2 sheets); 2. m: ø12 mm (on A3, A4 sheets). 3. A: Font size of 4 mm (on A0, A1, A2 sheets); font size of 3 mm (on A3, A4 sheets). 4. B-01: Font size of 2.5 mm (on A0, A1, A2 sheets); font size of 2 mm (on A3, A4 sheets). >>>> VII. Icons: 1. Diagram title: Font size of 7 mm (on A0, A1, A2 sheets); font size of 5 mm (on A3, A4 sheets). 2. Scale and English diagram title: Font size of 4 mm (on A0, A1, A2 sheets); font size of 3 mm (on A3, A4 sheets). >>>> VIII. Text annotations: 1. The leader lines are in the form of arrows or dots; they form a unified element and are created using the annotation command. 2. Text description: Font size of 4 mm (on A0, A1, A2 sheets) and 3 mm (on A3, A4 sheets). >>>> 9. Elevation symbols: 1. Numbers: font size of 2.5 mm (on A0, A1, A2 sheets); font size of 2 mm (on A3, A4 sheets). 2. The symbol represents an isosceles right triangle. 3. The numbers are expressed in millions, with three digits after the decimal point. 4. The zero elevation is written as ±0.000; positive elevations do not require a “”, while negative elevations should be marked with “-”. 5. Mark different elevations at the same location. >>>> 10. Axis symbols: 1. n: ø10mm, font height 4mm (on A0, A1, A2 sheets); 2. n: ø8mm, font height 3.5mm (on A3, A4 sheets). >>>> 11. Dimension symbols: 1. Dimension annotations represent a unified whole; to adjust the dimension values, use the edit (ed) command. 2. The dimension lines should be 2-3 mm away from the object being measured; the first dimension line should be 10-12 mm away from that object, with a distance of 7-10 mm between adjacent dimension lines. 3. The arrow style for radius and diameter annotations is a solid closed arrow. 4. The font size should be 2.5 mm (for A0, A1, A2 sheets) and 2 mm (for A3, A4 sheets). 5. The annotation text should be 1–1.5 mm away from the dimension line. CAD drawing tips >>>> Layer management. Common layering for drawings: A. Wall layer (WALL) B. Furniture layer (FURNITURE) C. Filling layer D. Window layer (WINDOW) E. Layout layer F. Dimension layer (DIM) G. Text layer (TEXT) H. Axis line layer (DOTE) I. Axis label layer (A*S) J. Grid layer. Identifying each layer during drawing helps in making adjustments to the drawing and saves time. >>>> Line coloring: When creating diagrams, the colors of lines such as walls, furniture, fill lines, text, and grid lines are differentiated to ensure clarity when displayed on a computer. >>>> Inserting a frame – insert the frame in proportion. First, create a 1:1 frame, then enlarge it and compare it with the image to see if it fits well. It will not cooperate with scaling if not paired with it. To create a 1:30 scale frame, enlarging it by 40 times in the first attempt is not appropriate; by scaling it again with a factor of 3/4, a 1:30 scale frame B can be obtained. >>>> Other: 1. When CAD files are pasted from other files, unnecessary layers may appear, and these can be removed using the purge (pu) function. 　　2. The size of the text varies according to the scale of the drawing. For example, on an A3 drawing with a scale of 1:50, the printed size of the annotation text should be 3 mm. When creating the text, the text size value to be entered is 150. 　　3. A set of drawings may contain different scales; after drawing the first frame to scale, when encountering drawings with different scales, they should be scaled according to their respective scales. If one image has a scale of 1:50, that’s correct. Now, to apply an illustration frame to another image, suppose this image requires a frame with a scale of 1:40; in that case, copy the frame from 1:50 and then scale it by entering 4/5. The same method can be used for the size of text. 　　4. Within the same CAD interface, if multiple CAD files are open, you can use the Ctrl key along with the Tab key to switch between them. Programs like HaoChen CAD allow switching by clicking on the file name in the file tab bar; the latest version of ACAD 2014 also includes a similar feature. 　　5. When duplicating the same object multiple times, it can be turned into a block; if any reference to this block is modified, the other blocks with the same name will change as well. If no block is created, each copy must be modified individually. 　　6. When creating CAD files, it is necessary to selectively divide the floor plans, elevations, and details into several separate files. 　　7. It is best not to use all the graphics on layer 0; layer 0 is mainly used for defining blocks. When defining a block, set all elements to layer 0 first (except in special cases), and then define the block; this way, when the block is inserted, it will be on the same layer as that at which it was inserted. 　　8. Elements cannot be created on the DEFPOINTS layer; this layer is not printed by default, and the graphics on it will not be printed. 　　9. In the use of CAD software, although it is said to be about drawing, in reality most of the time is spent editing drawings. Because editing primitives can significantly reduce the likelihood of inaccurate rendering of primitives, and it can also improve efficiency to a certain extent. 　　10. When using drawing commands, be sure to set snap; use F3 to toggle it. 　 11. When using drawing and editing commands, orthogonal mode is usually required, which can be switched on with F8. 　　12. Drawing size: A0—1194*840 ； A1—840*597 ； A2—597*420 ； A3—420*297 ； A4—297*210. 　　13. Converting CAD files into bitmap files: The first method is to select “Output” from the CAD menu and then choose the BMP format for storage; this allows the content displayed on the CAD screen to be converted into a bitmap file, but the resolution of the file is quite low. 　　The second method is to convert CAD files into bitmap files with a higher resolution. Add a virtual printer for raster images in formats such as JPG, TGA, PNG, etc. 　　14. To import an EXCEL spreadsheet into CAD, you can use the AutoXlsTable plugin, or copy the EXCEL spreadsheet first and then paste it using the selective paste option in CAD’s drop-down editing menu. Once the spreadsheet is imported into CAD, its elements can be expanded so that modifications can be made within CAD.