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Irradiation lines will have a significant impact on the anode process from multiple dimensions such as crystal growth, material properties, reaction paths, etc. There are differences in the mechanisms of different types of irradiation. Crystal growth orientation control During the electrochemical cycle of the zinc anode after laser irradiation, crystal growth is mainly concentrated on the surface and the c-plane of the crystal. The growth proportion of all crystal planes including the c-plane is much higher than that of the unirradiated sample. This is due to the formation of a more disordered crystal orientation distribution on the anode surface after irradiation. Anode surface performance modification When a metal anode is irradiated with strong pulsed ion beams, the anode surface grains will be greatly refined and even amorphized through the synergistic effects of grain fineness strengthening, work hardening and phase change strengthening. At the same time, a large number of dislocation loops and lattice distortion will be introduced, which will significantly improve the hardness and wear resistance of the anode surface and optimize the anode cycle stability. The photoanode photocorrosion path changes the low surface functionalized nanoporous carbon photoanode. Under UV/visible light irradiation, the carbon matrix is slightly oxidized, and carboxyl and carbonyl groups are generated on the surface. The photocorrosion path is completely different from that of the highly functionalized carbon anode. This oxidation process is driven by reactive oxygen species generated by water decomposition, which directly affects the long-term photocatalytic oxygen evolution performance of the anode. International academic studies. When the irradiation-assisted electrochemical reaction strengthens the visible light irradiation of the titanium anode, it will stimulate the vacancy clusters and Ti³⁺ defects in the nanoscale titanium flocs on the anode surface, greatly enhancing the removal efficiency of organic phosphorus during the electrocoagulation process. At low current density, it can achieve a pollutant removal rate much higher than that of the system without light, and reduce the operating energy consumption of the anode process.