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The first-end treatment process of nuclear fuel reprocessing is a link where radiation risks are highly concentrated. The main radiation risks can be divided into the following categories:: Risk of strong external exposure Spent fuel itself contains extremely strong radioactivity. It will release a large amount of gamma rays during the shearing and dissolution process. It has extremely strong penetrating power and is the main source of external radiation at the site. ； At the same time, beta rays are also produced, which can easily burn the skin and damage the respiratory mucosa in close contact. Some fissile materials are also accompanied by neutron radiation, which penetrates deep into the human body and destroys cells. Radioactive gaseous effluent risks During shearing and dissolving operations, radionuclides with long half-lives and high volatility, such as 129I, 85Kr, 3H, and 14C, will be released. If the seal fails, they will spread in the form of aerosol or gas, causing internal radiation pollution. Radioactive aerosol and dust risks: When shearing spent fuel elements, dust and aerosols containing radionuclides will be generated. Once protection is not in place, they can enter the human body through the respiratory tract, causing long-term internal exposure hazards. If the high-level liquid material and radioactive cladding waste produced during the dissolution process of secondary radiation risks leak, it will cause large-scale surface contamination and further expand the range of radiation exposure. At the same time, radiation degradation of materials may also aggravate equipment corrosion and increase the probability of leakage.