Comprehensive guidelines for various spacing requirements of pipelines – worth keeping!

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This post was last edited by Majestic Ultraman. Edited on 2021-12-10 15:02 I. Principles of pipeline integration 1 General principles 1.1 Give priority to larger pipes; smaller pipes should give way to larger ones ； 1.2 Pressurized pipe leads to unpressurized pipe ； 1.3 Avoid high-voltage pipes when working with low-voltage pipes ； 1.4 Normal-temperature tubes versus high- and low-temperature tubes ； 1.5 Bendable pipelines should give way to non-bendable pipelines, and branch pipelines should give way to main pipelines ； 1.6 Pipelines with fewer attachments should give way to those with more attachments; the installation and maintenance space must be ≥500 mm ； 1.7 Electrical wiring should be protected from heat and water; it is not advisable to install electrical circuits above hot water pipes and steam pipes, or directly below water pipes ； 1.8 When there is no significant overlap between the pipes from different systems (such as in garages), the water pipes and cable trays are arranged on the upper layer, while the air ducts are arranged on the lower layer ； If there are also gravity water pipes, the air ducts are arranged on the top layer, while the water pipes and cable trays are placed on the lower layer ； 1.9 When there is significant overlap among the pipelines from different systems (such as in corridors or core tubes), the arrangement order of these pipelines from top to bottom is as follows: ventilation pipes that do not require air inlets, ventilation pipes that do require air inlets, cable trays, and water pipes ； 1.10 Minimum spacing requirements for integrated pipelines: 2. For the structural engineering discipline, 2.1 In areas on the structural plan that are marked as areas for post-construction concrete pouring, if holes are to be created in such areas, no additional indication is required ； 2.2 In the structural plan, openings with dimensions smaller than 300x300 are generally not indicated separately ； 2.3 For openings left in the roof of civil air defense areas, regardless of their size, confirmation from the structural engineering team is required, and they must be indicated on the structural drawings ； 2.4 If equipment pipes need to pass through beams, the size of the opening must be less than 1/3 of the beam’s height, and also less than 250. The hole is located at the center of the beam’s height. In the plan view, it is located at 1/3 of the span length of the beam. Beam positioning requires confirmation by the structural engineering team, and it must also be indicated on the structural drawings ； 2.5 When making openings in shear walls, for openings with dimensions smaller than 300x300, no separate indication is generally required. However, when leaving holes for electrical fixtures, it is important to position them in the center of the wall, away from the walls’ edges or corners, to avoid hitting hidden columns. When holes are drilled in the walls on site, if it is found that the hole openings touch the structural columns, the structural engineering team needs to be notified to handle it ； 2.6 When making holes in the connecting beams, the size of the holes must be less than 1/3 of the beam’s height, and also less than 800 ； 2.7 For small openings that are not indicated in the structure, other relevant disciplines must clearly specify them, and construction may proceed only after confirmation that everything is correct ； 2.8 On structural floor slabs, holes shall not be made within the range of column caps. 3 Water Engineering 3.1 Try to minimize the number of bends in pipelines ； 3.2 The water supply pipes are on top, and the drainage pipes are below. Insulated pipes should be placed on top, while uninsulated pipes should be placed below. Small-diameter pipes should preferably be supported above large-diameter pipes or hung underneath them ； 3.3 Except for the design of lift pumps, pressure-free water pipes with slopes must under no circumstances bend upward ； 3.4 The horizontal clear distance between the water supply inlet pipe and the drainage outlet pipe shall not be less than 1 m. When indoor water supply and drainage pipes are laid parallel to each other, the minimum clear distance between the two pipes must be no less than 0.2 m ； When laid crosswise, the vertical clear distance shall not be less than 0.15 m. The water supply pipe should be laid above the drainage pipe. If it is necessary to lay the water supply pipe below the drainage pipe, a sleeve must be used around it, with a length that is not less than 3 times the diameter of the drainage pipe ； 3.5 The distance between the spray pipe and the ceiling should be such that the clear space between the outer wall of the pipe and the ceiling is not less than 100 mm ； 3.6 Natural drainage pipes such as those for sewage, rainwater, and wastewater shall not bend upward; other pipes should avoid intersecting with gravity-driven pipes ； 3.7 Sufficient space should be left when the bridge frame is placed above or horizontally alongside the water pipes ； 3.8 When pipes and cable trays are laid overlapping, they should be placed below the cable tray ； 3.9 Pipelines should not block doors or windows, and should avoid passing above motor panels, distribution panels, and instrument panels ； 3.10 The minimum distance between the outer walls of pipelines should not be less than 100 mm. Pipeline valves should not be installed side by side; instead, their positions should be staggered. If installation side by side is necessary, the clear distance between them should not be less than 200 mm ； 3.11 Note that all condensate drainage pipes have a dew prevention layer with a thickness of 25 mm ； 3.12 Table for controlling the slope of drainage pipes: 4 HVAC discipline. 4.1 It is necessary to ensure the gravitational slope of pressure-free pipes (only condensate pipes in the air conditioning discipline), and efforts should be made to avoid intersections and overlaps between such pipes and other pipes, in order to control the floor height ； 4.2 For the most prominent parts of the pipeline, such as its outer wall, flange edges, and the outer surface of the thermal insulation layer, the clear distance from walls or column edges should be ≥100 mm ； 4.3 In the event of insufficient space in the ductwork, consult the designer to reduce the cross-sectional dimensions, thereby facilitating an increase in the elevation ； 4.4 Slope should be considered for condensate water; the actual installation height of the ceiling is usually determined by the lowest point of the condensate water. The slope of the condensate pipes from the fan coil units to the horizontal main pipes should be no less than 0.01, while the condensate main pipes should have a downward slope of at least 0.008 in the direction of drainage ； 4.5 Insulation must be provided for air-conditioning chilled water pipes, ethylene glycol pipes, air-conditioning ducts, and smoke exhaust ducts within ceilings. The flange width of the ducts can generally be taken as 35 mm. 5 Electrical Engineering 5.1 Cable trays and raceways should be positioned at a height of more than 2.2 meters above the ground level. The distance between the top of the cable tray or conduit and the ceiling or other obstacles should not be less than 0.3 m ； 5.2 Cable trays should be installed below pipes carrying flammable and explosive gases as well as thermal pipelines. When there are no specific requirements in the design, the minimum clear distance from these pipes should meet the following criteria: 5.3 When installed within a ceiling, the opening of the tray cover should allow for a vertical clearance of 80 mm, while the distance from other systems should be at least 100 mm ； 5.4 When the cable tray intersects with electrical equipment, the clear distance between them shall be no less than 0.5 m ； 5.5 When two sets of cable trays are installed parallel at the same height, the distance between them shall be not less than 0.6 m ； When the clear distance between the edge of the cable tray and horizontal objects such as walls or air ducts is not less than 0.6 m (columns shorter than 1 m in certain areas are exempt from this requirement), the parallel spacing between these two sets of cable trays can be set at not less than 0.2 m. The clear distance between the cable tray and the wall or column should be ≥100 mm ； 5.6 The bending radius on the inside of the cable tray shall not be less than 0.3m ； 5.7 When cable trays are installed in multiple layers, the distance between control cables should be no less than 0.15 m, and the distance between power cables should be no less than 0.25 m. If the cable trays intersect at an angle of 30° or more, this distance can be reduced by 0.1 m. The distance between low-voltage cables and power cables should be no less than 0.5 m; this distance can be reduced to 0.3 m if there is a shielding cover. The distance between the upper part of the tray and the ceiling or other obstacles should be no less than 0.3 m ； 5.8 Cable trays should not be installed above corrosive gas pipelines and thermal pipelines, nor below corrosive liquid pipelines ； 5.9 The horizontal distance between a communication cable tray and other cable trays should be at least 300 mm, and the vertical distance should also be at least 300 mm, to prevent interference from the magnetic fields of other cable trays ； 5.10 When tilting the bridge frame up or down, the slope should be gradual; the distance between the bridge frame and other pipes should be ≥100 mm ； 5.11 The bridge deck should not pass through stairwells, air conditioning rooms, pipe shafts, air shafts, etc.; if such areas are encountered, try to take an alternative route ； 5.12 High-voltage cable trays should be installed near the power distribution room. When high-voltage and low-voltage cable trays are installed one above the other, priority should be given to placing the high-voltage cable tray on top ； 5.13 When high-voltage and low-voltage cable trays are installed one above the other, the high-voltage tray should be placed above the low-voltage tray, with a distance of at least 0.5m between them ； 5.14 The spacing between weak current conduits shall be no less than 10 mm ； 5.15 The distance between weak-current cable trays and strong-current trunking shall be no less than 300 mm ； 5.16 If grounded metal trunking is used for high-voltage circuits, the distance between the low-voltage trunking and the high-voltage trunking shall be no less than 150 mm. II. BIM Pipeline Integration 1. Requirements for modeling prior to pipeline integration 1.1 Modeling for architectural elements: It is required that the dimensions of stairwells, elevator shafts, pipe shafts, stairs, electrical rooms, air conditioning units, pump rooms, and heat exchange station ductwork, as well as ceiling heights, be accurately determined ； 1.2 Structural modeling: The cross-sectional dimensions and positioning dimensions of beams, slabs, and columns must be consistent with those specified in the drawings ； The elevation of the bottom of the beams within the ductwork must comply with the design requirements. When pipelines need to pass through the beams, the designer must provide detailed reinforcement diagrams, and BIM should be used to create the nodes for such pipeline passages through the beams ； 1.3 Requirements for water system modeling: The naming of various systems must be consistent with the drawings ； Some pipes that require an increased slope must be constructed with the required slope as specified in the drawings ； All types of valves in the system must be installed at the positions indicated in the drawings ； For pipelines with insulation layers, the insulation layer must be installed ； 1.4 Requirements for HVAC system modeling: The names of various systems must be consistent with those on the drawings ； Some equipment and endpoints that affect pipeline integration must be constructed in accordance with the drawing requirements, such as fan-coil units and air outlets ； The modeling requirements for HVAC water systems are the same as those for water system modeling ； For pipelines with insulation layers, the insulation layer must be installed ； 1.5 Electrical Engineering: The names of various systems must be consistent with those on the drawings. 2 Precautions during pipeline integration 2.1 Determine the elevation of the beam bottoms at various locations within the ceiling space, as well as the height of the ceiling itself ； 2.2 Check whether there are any missing models in various specialties, and understand the complex locations of various pipe tunnels ； 2.3 Determine the elevation of the duct bottom and the elevation of the water pipe center according to the design requirements ； 2.4 Determine each specialty’s position within the ceiling space according to its specific requirements. In general construction, from top to bottom, the specialties are HVAC, electrical, and plumbing ； 2.5 The routing of drawings in the model needs to be changed; please coordinate with the designer. When the HVAC team encounters ductwork in spaces that are particularly compact, yet it is still necessary to maintain a certain ceiling height and thus adjust the cross-sectional dimensions, coordination with the designers is required.