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A mature project management process can ensure that projects are completed within budget, on time, and with the required quality and quantity. The most common and widely recognized process can be divided into five basic stages, which are known as the project management lifecycle.
Phase 1: Launch phase — “What to do?” ” Should we do it? ”Goal: Clarify the project’s value, obtain formal approval, and ensure that the project does the right thing. Core task: Project objectives should be specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound. Key stakeholders: project sponsors, clients, main team members, etc. High-level requirements: What needs to be delivered by the project. Overall budget and milestone schedule: preliminary timeline and cost estimates. Powers of the project manager: Define the level of authority held by the project manager. Identify requirements: Understand the business pain points or opportunities, and clarify what problems the project is meant to solve or what value it is supposed to create. Create a project charter: This is the “constitution” of the project, formally approving its establishment. It includes: Identifying stakeholders: Identifying all individuals or organizations that will be affected by the project or can influence it, and analyzing their expectations and influence. Main outputs: Project charter, Stakeholder register
Phase 2: Planning phase — “How to do it?” ”Goal: Develop a clear and actionable roadmap to ensure the project does things \"the right way\". This is the most critical phase; the more thorough the planning, the smoother the execution. Core task: Estimate the time required for each task. Determine the dependencies between tasks. Create a Gantt chart or milestone chart to identify the critical path. Prepare a scope statement: detail the project scope, deliverables, assumptions, and constraints. Create a Work Breakdown Structure (WBS): Break down the project’s deliverables into smaller, more manageable task packages. This is the foundation for all subsequent plans. Develop a schedule: Create a budget: Based on the WBS, estimate the cost of each task and aggregate them to obtain the total project budget. Develop a quality management plan: define quality standards and how to achieve them. Develop a resource management plan: Identify the personnel, equipment, and materials needed, and plan their allocation. Develop a communication management plan: clarify who needs what information when, and how it should be delivered. Develop a risk management plan: identify potential risks (threats and opportunities), analyze their probability and impact, and plan response strategies. Develop a procurement plan: if it is necessary to obtain resources or services from external sources. Main outputs: Project management plan (including all the aforementioned sub-plans), WBS, and WBS dictionary
Phase 3: Execution phase — “Get to work!” ”Goal: Mobilize resources, execute the project management plan, and deliver the project outcomes. Core task: Assemble and manage project teams: recruit, train, motivate, and manage team members. Allocate resources: Distribute resources to specific tasks according to the plan. Execute project tasks: Team members carry out the work defined in the WBS. Implement quality assurance: Ensure that project processes meet quality standards. Managing purchases: Implementing procurement plans, selecting, and managing suppliers. Management communication: Communicate continuously and effectively with all stakeholders in accordance with the communication management plan. Building team culture: Creating a positive team atmosphere and resolving conflicts. Main outputs: Deliverable results, work performance data, issue log
Phase 4: Monitoring phase — “How is it going?” ”Goal: Track, review, and adjust project progress and performance to ensure that project objectives are achieved. It proceeds in parallel with the execution phase. Core task: Track project performance: Compare actual progress (scope, schedule, cost) with the planned baseline. Change management: Follow formal change control processes to evaluate, approve, or reject change requests. Control scope: Prevent the spread of the scope (uncontrolled changes). Control costs and quality: Monitor budget expenditures and conduct quality checks (quality control). Report performance: Regularly inform stakeholders of the project status, progress, and forecasts. Monitoring risk: Tracking identified risks, identifying new risks, and implementing risk response plans. Main outputs: Performance report, change request, updated project management plan
Phase 5: Closing phase – \"Completion and review\" Goal: Officially conclude all project activities, deliver the results, release resources, and summarize lessons learned. Core task: Assess project success: Have the goals been achieved? Summarize lessons learned: document what was done well and what can be improved to serve as a reference for future projects. Official acceptance: Obtaining formal written approval for the final deliverable from the client or sponsor. Release project resources: dissolve the team, return equipment, and settle contracts. Conduct post-project evaluation/review: Archive project documents: Organize and archive all project documents for easy reference in the future. Hold a celebration party: to thank the team for their efforts and contributions. Main outputs: Final project report, Lessons learned register, Archived project documents
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