[Common issues in pipeline design] -- The layout of metal pipelines in petrochemical industries must meet the requirements

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\"Code for Design of Layout of Metal Piping in Petrochemical Industries\" SHT 3012-2011 10.1.1 Valves should be installed in locations that are easily accessible, convenient for operation and maintenance. Valves on rows of pipes should be arranged centrally, along with operating platforms and ladders. 10.1.2 The distance from the center of the valve handwheel on a vertical pipe to the operating surface should be 1.2 m, with the maximum distance not exceeding 2 m. 10.1.4 Valves on pipelines and equipment handling extremely hazardous media or highly corrosive media should not be installed at human head level. 10.1.5. Valves should be installed at locations where the pipeline displacement is minimal. 10.1.6 The center distance between the valve handwheels located around the operating platform and the edge of the platform should not exceed 450 mm. When the valve stem and handwheel extend above the platform and their height is less than 2 m, they should not hinder the operator’s ability to operate or move around. 10.1.7 When a stem-mounted, visible-stem valve is opened, the stem must not obstruct passage. 10.1.8 When valves are arranged adjacent to each other, the clear distance between their handwheels shall not be less than 100 mm. 10.1.9 On horizontal pipelines, the direction of the valve stem shall not be vertically downward; the direction of the valve stem can be determined in the following order: a) vertically upward; b) horizontal; c) at an angle of 45° upward. d) Inclined downward at 45°. 10.1.10 Valves on low-temperature medium pipelines should be installed on horizontal pipes, with the valve stem pointing vertically upward. 10.1.11 For valves equipped with vent holes, these holes should be positioned on the high-pressure side of the piping system. 10.1.12 Unless the process has special requirements, valves on the pipes at the bottom of equipment such as towers, reactors, or vertical vessels shall not be installed within the skirt. 10.1.15 The valves used for isolation equipment should be connected directly to the equipment’s pipe openings or located near the equipment. When connected to equipment handling extremely hazardous or highly hazardous media, the valves on the pipelines shall be directly connected to the equipment outlets, and such valves must not be operated using sprockets. 10.1.16 The isolation valve for the horizontal branch pipe leading from the main pipe should be located on the horizontal section of the pipe that is close to the main pipe. 10.1.18 Valves on underground pipelines shall be installed in valve chambers or trenchs. If required by the process, a valve extension rod can be installed.