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According to Table B.6 of the standard GB 17945-2024 on Fire Emergency Lighting and Evacuation Signaling Systems, exit sign lights are divided into two categories: safety exit sign lights and evacuation exit sign lights, as shown in the table below. Article 3.14 of this standard defines fire emergency evacuation sign luminaires as luminaires that use graphics and/or text to perform the following functions: a) indicating safety exits, evacuation exits, and refuge floors (rooms) ; It is also stated in Note 2 that a safety exit refers to the entrances and exits of stairwells and outdoor stairs used for the safe evacuation of people, or exits leading directly to safe areas inside or outside the building ; An evacuation exit refers to all exits along the evacuation route. Therefore, in accordance with the definition and annotations in Article 3.14 of the Standard GB 17945-2024 on Fire Emergency Lighting and Evacuation Signaling Systems, the entrances and exits at which safety exit signs must be installed include: 1. Entrances and exits to stairwells and outdoor stairs ; 2. Exits leading to safe indoor and outdoor areas. The entrances and exits of stairwells should also include those of the antechamber in front of smoke-proof stairwells, as well as those of the shared antechamber between smoke-proof stairwells and fire elevators (entrance and exit signs indicating evacuation exits or safety exits are generally not required for the separate antechambers of fire elevators). The definition of safety exits in Term 12 of the \"General Code for Fire Protection in Buildings\" GB 55037-2022, and in Article 2.1.14 of the \"Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings\" GB 50016-2014 (2018 edition), is exactly the same as the definition given in Section 3.14 of the \"Fire Emergency Lighting and Evacuation Signaling Systems\" GB 17945-2024 ; The “General Code for Fire Protection in Buildings” GB 55037-2022 uses slightly different wording in its definition of evacuation exits, but the essence is the same: an evacuation exit refers to an exit in a building that allows people to leave the area affected by a fire or the building itself during a fire, and includes safety exits and room evacuation doors.
However, the explanatory notes to Article 3.2.8 of the Technical Standard for Fire Emergency Lighting and Evacuation Signaling Systems GB 51309-2018 provide another interpretation: a safety exit is an exit that leads directly to an outdoor safe area, while an evacuation exit is an entrance or exit to stairwells used for the safe evacuation of people, or an exit that leads directly to an indoor safe area. Therefore, according to the explanation provided in clause 3.2.8 of the Technical Standard for Fire Emergency Lighting and Evacuation Signaling Systems GB 51309-2018 regarding safety exits and evacuation exits, only those exits that lead directly to outdoor safe areas may be equipped with safety exit signs; whereas entrances and exits to stairwells (including the vestibules of smoke-proof stairwells or shared vestibules) should be fitted with evacuation exit signs. Atlas 19D702-7 \"Design and Installation of Emergency Lighting\" was prepared in accordance with this interpretation, aiming to distinguish between indoor safe areas and outdoor safe areas. As shown in the figure below.
It is evident that there are significant differences among the codes regarding the definition of safety exits and evacuation exits. However, the term definitions in the \"General Code for Building Fire Protection\" GB 55037-2022 and the \"Fire Emergency Lighting and Evacuation Signaling Systems\" GB 17945-2024 have legal validity, and both are mandatory standards; The explanatory text in Article 3.2.8 of the Technical Standard for Fire Emergency Lighting and Evacuation Signaling Systems GB 51309-2018, as well as the standard design manuals, do not have legal validity; therefore, safety exit sign lights should be installed in stairwells and at the entrances and exits to their vestibules. The installation of safety exit sign lights at the entrances and exits of evacuation stairwells and their vestibules (or shared vestibules) is also widely used in projects, as shown in the example below.
However, at present, the consensus within the electrical industry is to install exit sign lights at the entrances and exits of evacuation stairwells (except for those leading directly to the outside), and it is possible that the consistency of the definition of \"safe exits\" will be reconsidered during future revisions of the \"Technical Standards for Fire Emergency Lighting and Evacuation Signaling Systems\".
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