What is the relationship between the boiling range of oil and its density?
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For example, there is oil product A with a range of 30–200 and another oil product B with a range of 40–180. Product A has a lower initial boiling point than B, but a higher dry point than B. How can one determine the specific gravity of these two oils?
It is difficult to determine; fuel type B, with a narrower boiling range, generally has a higher purity. What really matters is the amount of each component present, as it is this that determines the density.
The heavier the oil, the greater its density. The wider the corresponding boiling range (the higher the final boiling point), the greater the density
The boiling range should be related to the type of hydrocarbons in the oil; the more types of hydrocarbons there are, and the greater the amount of carbon atoms, the higher the boiling point.
Density is related to the boiling range and composition of the oil; for oils with similar compositions (alkanes, aromatics), the higher the boiling range, the greater the density； It is difficult to determine the density of two oils with significantly different compositions based on their boiling range. For oils with the same boiling range, the higher the aromatic content, the greater the density; conversely, the lower the aromatic content, the lower the density.
For example, the dry point of coker tail oil is generally above 500 degrees, while that of catalytic diesel is around 350 degrees; however, the density of the latter is much higher than that of the former.