3D Process Flow -- Entire Process of Ethylene Cracking Unit
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Ethylene cracking is a core process in the petroleum refining industry, in which hydrocarbon feedstocks are converted into basic chemical raw materials such as ethylene and propylene through high-temperature cracking. The process uses a tubular pyrolysis furnace; the feedstocks (naphtha, ethane, propane, etc.) are heated to 760–860°C in the presence of dilution steam, and remain in the reaction tube for 0.1–0.5 seconds to undergo free-radical pyrolysis. The pyrolysis products are rapidly cooled to below 400°C by a quenching system to terminate the reaction, after which high-purity ethylene and by-products are obtained through processes such as compression, separation, and distillation. This process is characterized by high temperatures, short contact times, and high energy consumption; it is the dominant technology for ethylene production.
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