Classification of instruments and meters

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Overview of Instruments and Meters Instruments and meters (in English: instrumentation) are devices or equipment used to detect, measure, observe, and calculate various physical quantities, material compositions, and physical property parameters. Vacuum leak detectors, pressure gauges, length measuring instruments, microscopes, multipliers, and so on all belong to instrumentation. In a broad sense, instruments can also have functions such as automatic control, alarm signaling, signal transmission, and data processing. For example, pneumatic control instruments and electric control instruments used in the automatic control of industrial production processes, as well as distributed control system instruments, all fall under the category of instruments. https://timgsa.baidu.com/timg?image&quality=80&size=b9999_10000&sec=1596447395562&di=0c94874fcaef9ad17ab25622b79499e5&imgtype=0&src=http%3A%2F%2Fimg65.chem17.com%2F9%2F20160527%2F635999366531878597967.jpg Classification of instruments and meters: Instruments and meters are the result of the integration of various scientific and technical disciplines; they come in a wide range of types, are widely used, and keep evolving. There are multiple methods for classifying them. Classified by purpose and application, they mainly include measuring tools and instruments, automotive instruments, tractor instruments, marine instruments, aviation instruments, navigation equipment, driving instruments, radio testing instruments, carrier microwave testing instruments, geological exploration testing instruments, building material testing instruments, seismic testing instruments, geodetic surveying instruments, hydrological instruments, timing instruments, agricultural testing instruments, commercial testing instruments, teaching instruments, medical instruments, environmental protection instruments, and more. An automated instrument is an automated technical tool composed of various automated components, featuring relatively comprehensive functions. It generally has several functions simultaneously, such as measurement, display, recording, or measurement and control, as well as alarm functions. An automated instrument is itself a system, and it is also a subsystem within the entire automation system. An automatic instrument is a type of “information machine” whose primary function is the conversion of information, transforming input signals into output signals. Signals can be expressed in the time domain or frequency domain, and their transmission can be formatted as continuous analog values or discrete digital values. For example, in automated instrumentation there are valve positioners, flow meters, transmitters, and so on. Well-known representatives of automated instrumentation include: ABB – pressure transmitters, flowmeters (electromagnetic, mass, thermal, differential pressure types, etc.), temperature sensors and transmitters, level measurement devices, analysis instruments (for water and gas analysis), valve positioners, electric actuators, etc.; Emerson (Rosemount) – pressure transmitters, flowmeters, temperature sensors, etc.; Siemens – pressure, flow, temperature measurement devices; E+H – pressure transmitters, flowmeters, temperature sensors, analysis instruments, etc.; Yokogawa – pressure transmitters, flowmeters, temperature sensors, etc.; Coriolis – flow and temperature measurement devices; Hach – water quality analysis instruments; WTW – water analysis instruments... The development of industrial automation instrumentation focuses on control system devices based on fieldbus technology, as well as intelligent instruments, special-purpose and dedicated automation instruments. From the perspective of market demand, the demand for industrial automation in China is growing steadily. According to the predictions of the China Instrument and Control Association, by the end of the 11th Five-Year Plan period, the demand for industrial automation products will exceed 100 billion yuan. Furthermore, as **attention to people’s livelihoods** increases, some needs related to livelihoods have also come to the forefront, thereby generating new requirements for instruments and meters as well as new market demands.