Motion control and instrumentation installation project

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Section 1: Basic Knowledge of Automatic Control Instruments I. Understand the measurement process, measurement errors, basic performance, and quality indicators of automatic control instruments. Automated instruments are primarily used to measure and monitor, or to operate and adjust, various process parameters such as temperature, pressure, flow rate, displacement, speed, concentration, viscosity, and composition in a process flow. Section 2: Classification of Control Instruments I. Understanding the six classification methods for control instruments Industrial systems utilize a wide variety of instruments, each with different functions. There are many ways to classify these instruments. For example, they can be classified according to instrument energy, instrument composition, the developmental stages of functional instruments during the production process, installation locations, and process parameters for detection and adjustment. Depending on their respective types, they can also be combined with each other using appropriate designations to meet the requirements of measurements in production. Section 3: Circuit Systems of Automatic Control Instruments I. Understand the concept of automatic control instrument circuits, as well as their classification, basic components, and methods for representing their structure. An automated instrumentation \"system\" must consist of at least two instrumentation devices connected together via pipes, wires, cables, etc. to form a \"circuit\" in order to be able to measure and regulate a certain parameter. This type of automated instrumentation system is also known as a “loop system”. Automated instruments come in many types of circuit systems; generally, they are classified according to the functions of the system they form into detection circuit systems, control circuit systems, automatic operation systems, and signal interlock protection systems. Section 4: Detection Instruments I. Become familiar with the basic components of detection instruments, as well as the names, simple principles, characteristics, and application ranges of several commonly used instruments. Detection instruments utilize various physical effects (such as sound, light, electricity, magnetism, heat, radiation, etc.) and chemical effects to measure various types of signals, including electrical and non-electrical parameters. They are an important part of automated systems for obtaining various types of information, and they also serve as tools for comparing measurement values of different parameters. Testing instruments need to measure many variables; they differ in principle as well as in structure. However, from the perspective of the basic components of measuring instruments, they are composed of various functional elements. The components are determined by the purpose, principle, and detection requirements of the instrument. It generally consists of three parts, namely the detection section, the transmission section, and the display section. Section 5: Display Instruments and Display Technologies 1. Become familiar with the classification and characteristics of display instruments, as well as the performance features of pneumatic unitized display control instruments, electric unitized display control instruments, and combined electronic integrated control devices; understand their basic components. Display control instruments are the core of process control equipment, and are usually installed on control panels. It mainly includes display instruments, pneumatic unit combined display and control instruments, electric unit combined display and control instruments, and combined centralized control devices. Indicating instruments are used to display and record the measured parameter signals from sensing elements or transmitters. Pneumatic unit combination instruments feature a simple and reliable structure as well as low costs, making them suitable for all explosion-proof and fire-resistant environments. A modular electronic integrated control device is an electric instrument assembled from separately structured components, offering great flexibility in building control systems. Section 6 Automatic Regulation in Industrial Production I. Understand the basic concepts of automatic regulation and be familiar with the classification of automatic regulation systems. An automatic regulation system refers to a closed-loop negative feedback control system. The feedback of a control system refers to the signal of the parameter being controlled returning through a channel leading to the comparison element, where it enters that element. Since the setpoint of the control system and the signal of the controlled parameter are in opposite directions when they enter the controller, it is called a negative-feedback control system. Automatic regulation was developed during the process of manual regulation to replace it. Differential pressure transmitters can replace human eyes; they can accurately reflect changes in the liquid level at all times and transmit such changes immediately. In an automatic control system, the value that needs to be controlled in advance is called the setpoint. The ultimate goal of regulation is to maintain the parameters of compensation at given values. An automatic control system generally consists of an automatic regulator (including accessories), a transmitter, and a control valve. Its function is as follows: the transmitter converts the signals from the measured element into standard measurement values, compares them with the set values to generate a deviation e, and the regulator adjusts e according to a pre-selected control law. The control valve executes the commands from the regulator. Section 7: Explosion Protection of Electrical Instruments I. Understand the performance characteristics of intrinsically safe devices and be aware of the basic structure of intrinsically safe systems. From a control function perspective, transmitters, controllers, and actuators, together with the controlled object, form an automatic control system. It is essential to take explosion-proof measures for automatic control systems and other electrical instruments, as well as to add explosion-proof related equipment. To achieve overall explosion protection, it is not sufficient to simply use intrinsically safe equipment in areas at risk of explosion. Appropriate measures are taken for intrinsically safe equipment, wires, and related devices to form an intrinsically safe explosion-proof system; for example, the equipment is isolated, its power is limited, and it is grounded. Section 8: Computer Control Systems for Industrial Processes
1. Understand the basic components of computer systems and fundamental computer knowledge.
2. Be familiar with the classification of computer control systems for industrial processes; understand the basic structural components of hierarchical computer control systems, computer system networks, and dual-computer switching systems.

A computer used in industrial process control is a specialized electronic computer that utilizes input data obtained from the process to directly control or monitor various process units. Its primary purpose is to achieve real-time control over industrial production processes. Computing systems have been widely used in industrial control. There are many types of them; they can be controlled centrally, decentralizedly, or through other more advanced control methods. An industrial computer control system is a large system composed of many subsystems. Its control over subsystems is implemented based on certain priorities and hierarchical relationships, forming a pyramid structure. Furthermore, industrial computers are integrated management and control systems that combine multiple levels of control, and they are networks that require rapid, real-time information transmission. III. Become familiar with the characteristics of distributed integrated control systems, understand their basic structure, as well as the configuration features of distributed systems, hierarchical control, and several typical types of distributed systems. The distributed integrated control system is abbreviated as DXS. It is a process control and production management system centered around a microprocessor. It features a hierarchical control structure, a decentralized control structure, and a redundant structure. IV. Become familiar with the functions of computer monitoring systems and understand the structural format of traditional monitoring systems. A computer-based supervision and control system is abbreviated as SC or SCC. It can process and correct various input data related to production process parameters, and then output the results for printing or display; operators can use these output results to manage the production process. The system can calculate the optimal set value based on the provided data, which is then used as a reset value for the next level of direct digital control computer, or to adjust the set values of analog control instruments, thereby keeping production in an optimal state. This system integrates data acquisition, control, monitoring, and management functions to form a new type of control system. V. Understanding the characteristics and basic structure of direct digital control systems ； VI. Be familiar with the classification of sequential control systems, understand the structure of programmable controllers, be aware of their classification methods, and learn about the logical circuits used in programmable controllers ； VII. Understand the basic concepts and components of fieldbus control systems, be familiar with their basic equipment, and distinguish them from distributed control systems ； VIII. Understand the functional structure of computer integrated control systems and computer-controlled systems for industrial processes. Section 9: Installation and Commissioning of Automatic Control Instruments 1. Familiarize oneself with the functions and uses of the main accessories of automatic control instruments, as well as their installation methods and the basic requirements of relevant specifications. The area surrounding automatic control instruments is an essential part of the circuit system. The installation of accessories generally refers to the installation of source components, cable trays and boxes, pallets, ladder racks, steel supports, brackets, bases, pedestals, pipeline accessory connectors, fabricated parts, and other auxiliary elements. II. Become familiar with the installation methods for control room instruments and panels/cabinets, as well as the basic requirements of relevant specifications. The installation work in a control room includes the installation of instrument panels, the fabrication and installation of supports, the installation of the instrument panels themselves, the wiring and connection work, the installation of internal power cables, and the calibration and setup of the instruments on the panels. III. Be familiar with the methods of cable (wire) laying and protective conduit installation, as well as the basic requirements of relevant specifications. Cable (wire) laying and protective conduit installation include the laying of cables (wires) and the installation of electrical protective conduits. IV. Familiarize oneself with the methods of laying instrument pipelines and the basic requirements of relevant specifications. The laying of instrument pipelines includes the installation of pressure guiding pipes, air supply pipes, pneumatic signal pipes, heat tracing pipes, etc. V. Familiarize oneself with the contents and methods of tuning automatic control instruments. The tuning of such instruments is an important part of the installation process. Debugging is divided into unit debugging and system debugging. VI. Be familiar with the contents, methods of installation and commissioning of distributed control systems, as well as the basic requirements of relevant specifications. The installation of a distributed control system refers to the installation of hardware devices. It is different from the installation of ordinary dashboard cabinets. Certain conditions must be met in order to proceed. The installation steps include construction preparation, transportation and installation, wiring, grounding, power supply installation, as well as the safe grounding and isolation of the basic controller and multi-functional controller. Once the distribution system is installed, it can be put into operation only after debugging. Debugging consists of 3 steps: ① Routine checks before system debugging ； ②System design trial ； ③Circuit joint debugging. System scheduling here refers to the commissioning of the distributed control system, while loop integration testing refers to the connection and commissioning of the distributed control system with the on-site instruments. VII. Be familiar with the rules for calculating the quantities involved in automatic control and instrument installation projects, and master the methods for such calculations. Based on the processes of process monitoring as well as the installation and debugging of devices and instruments, the quantities should be calculated using the specified units of measurement and requirements; study should be carried out in conjunction with the textbooks.