What are the advantages of staged catalyst loading in hydrocracking reactors?
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As the title suggests: The catalyst bed in a hydrocracking reactor is filled in segments – what are the advantages of this? On the one hand, consider avoiding flow deviation; on the other hand, should we also consider avoiding excessive axial temperature differences in the bed? Are there any other benefits?
It facilitates controlling the bed temperature rise with cold hydrogen.
The two-stage process involves two reactors; the first stage serves as a hydrorefining section to remove nitrogen and sulfides from the feed oil. The second stage is the hydrocracking reaction section. A series reactor has only one or several reactors in parallel. The process flow of a fixed-bed hydrocracking unit in French style involves mixing feed oil, recycle oil, and hydrogen, which is then heated before being fed into the reactor. The reactor is filled with granular catalyst, and the reaction products pass through high-pressure and low-pressure separators to separate the liquid product from the gas; thereafter, the liquid product is distilled in a distillation tower to yield the desired petroleum fractions. A certain stage of French cracking has a relatively low depth; it generally uses vacuum wax oil as raw material to produce mainly intermediate distillates. The two-stage cracking process achieves a greater degree of cracking, and is generally used primarily for producing gasoline.
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