【Daily Question 2019】Hydrogen production and hydrogenation section – Question No. 010

All equipment, pipelines carrying oil and gas as well as petroleum products must be thoroughly cleaned; areas that are low-lying need to be disassembled and made completely clean

Fire safety regulations at construction sites (1) The person in charge of the construction site shall be fully responsible for fire safety there, while the project owner should actively urge the construction contractor to take responsibility for fire management and inspections on site. (2) Fire prevention inspection systems must be established and improved at all construction sites. Any potential fire hazards identified must be eliminated immediately; for those that cannot be removed right away, specific personnel, deadlines, and corrective actions must be assigned to address them within a set time frame. (3) In the event of a fire at the construction site, it is necessary to immediately report it to the local fire department and mobilize forces to extinguish the fire. (4) In accordance with the principle of \"not letting go of any aspect,\" after a fire accident occurs, the construction unit and the project owner should work together to protect the scene and conduct an on-site investigation in conjunction with the fire department. Suggestions are put forward for dealing with fire accidents, and preventive measures are actively implemented.

The construction site must be equipped with sufficient fire-fighting equipment, arranged in a logical manner. Critical areas should be equipped with no fewer than 4 fire extinguishers, and there should be clear fire prevention signs. Designated personnel must regularly inspect, maintain, and service these equipment, as well as replace them periodically, to ensure that they remain effective. The construction site should be equipped with lighting at night, and additional personnel should be assigned to strengthen surveillance patrols. Temporary fire access roads must be established at the construction site. Its width must not be less than 3.5 meters, and it is necessary to ensure that the temporary fire lane remains unobstructed. It is prohibited to pile up objects or materials on the temporary fire lane or to occupy it in any way.

During the shutdown of the equipment, all equipment and pipelines must be thoroughly purged of oil, gas, and petroleum products; low-lying areas should also be drained completely

1. During the shutdown of the plant, all equipment, pipelines carrying oil, gas, and liquids must be thoroughly cleaned. Areas that are low-lying should be disassembled and cleared. Flammable and combustible liquids and gases must not be stored inside the plant. For equipment that cannot be cleaned or from which materials cannot be removed, blind flanges should be installed on its inlet and outlet pipes, along with warning signs stating “Contains materials; welding is strictly prohibited.” 2. All pipelines connecting the shutdown plant to external systems must be severed. 3. Grease in septic tanks, open ditches, and sewers must be removed completely, and these areas should be sealed using clay. 4. Any grease that accumulates on equipment and pipelines must be collected in containers and removed from the plant promptly; it must not be piled up inside the plant or discharged into sewers. 5. When cleaning pipelines during shutdown, a record of the cleaning process must be kept. In particular, for pipelines carrying hydrogen or gas, a brief description of the cleaning procedure, the numbers of the equipment and pipelines involved, the start and end times of the cleaning process, and the person responsible for it must be recorded. 6. Before working on towers, containers, or pipelines carrying flammable and combustible liquids and gases, connections to other equipment and pipelines must be severed, and blind flanges must be installed. Work can only begin after gas analysis confirms that the area is safe. 7. The person supervising the welding work must be familiar with the process flow of the area where welding is taking place as well as the surrounding environment. This task should be carried out by a responsible employee who must remain at their post and not leave without permission. 8. Every day, before starting welding work, the supervisor must carefully check the area where welding will take place and the surrounding environment to ensure everything is in order. Only after confirming safety can welding begin. After each day’s welding work is completed, a thorough inspection must be conducted to ensure that all remaining flames are extinguished, and it can only be left once it is confirmed that re-ignition is impossible.

1. No kindling is allowed； 2. No using mobile phones ； 3. The vehicle must be properly grounded when entering.

During the shutdown of the plant, all equipment, pipelines carrying oil and gas, as well as oil products, must be thoroughly purged. Low-lying areas should be removed and cleared, and combustible and flammable liquids and gases must not be stored inside the plant

I. Basic requirements for fire prevention at construction sites 1. Fire safety measures at construction sites shall be implemented in accordance with **relevant laws and regulations. 　　 2. The person in charge of the construction unit shall be fully responsible for fire safety at the construction site, and shall fulfill the nine main responsibilities specified in Article 19 of the Detailed Rules for the Implementation of the Fire Protection Regulations of the People’s Republic of China. 3. Fire prevention inspection systems must be established and improved at all construction sites; any potential fire hazards must be eliminated immediately upon discovery ； For potential hazards that cannot be eliminated immediately, assign personnel, identify specific projects, and determine measures to address them within a set time frame. 4. There must be prominent fire prevention publicity signs at the construction site. For the volunteer firefighters at the construction site, regular training sessions should be organized, and the relevant training materials must be kept in the internal records. 5. In the event of a fire at the construction site, it is necessary to immediately report it to the local fire department and mobilize forces to extinguish the fire. 6. In accordance with the principle of \"not letting go of any aspect,\" after a fire accident occurs, the construction unit and the project owner should work together to ensure the protection of the scene and conduct an on-site investigation in conjunction with the fire department. Suggestions are put forward for dealing with fire accidents, and preventive measures are actively implemented. 7. The construction contractor must include provisions related to fire safety in the \"project contract\" signed for the project, and work together with the project owner to ensure proper fire safety measures are in place. 8. When preparing construction organization plans, all units must ensure that the general construction layout, construction methods, and construction techniques meet fire safety requirements. 9. The construction site must be equipped with sufficient fire-fighting equipment, arranged in a logical manner. Critical areas should be equipped with no fewer than 4 fire extinguishers, and there should be clear fire prevention signs. Designated personnel must regularly inspect, maintain, and service these equipment, as well as replace them periodically, to ensure that they remain effective. 10. The construction site should be equipped with lighting at night, and additional personnel should be assigned to strengthen surveillance patrols. 11. Temporary fire access roads must be established at the construction site. Its width must not be less than 3.5 meters, and it is necessary to ensure that the temporary fire lane remains unobstructed. It is prohibited to pile up objects or materials on the temporary fire lane or to occupy it in any way. 12. Before commencing work, fire-fighting equipment and facilities must be properly provided. Where conditions permit, outdoor fire hoses, fire hydrants, sand boxes, etc. should also be installed. 13. For electricity use at construction sites, the relevant \"Regulations on Electrical Safety Management at Construction Sites\" must be strictly followed; power source management should be strengthened to prevent electrical fires. In warehouses at construction sites that store flammable and combustible materials, woodworking areas, paint mixing rooms, and waterproofing work areas, lamps with exposed high-heat, strong light sources must not be used. 14. Welders and gas welders who are engaged in the installation of electrical equipment as well as electrical and gas welding operations must possess operation permits and fire use permits. Before using fire, flammable and combustible materials must be removed, and measures such as isolation should be taken. Personnel to monitor the fire and firefighting equipment must be available, and it is necessary to confirm that there are no remaining fire hazards before leaving after the operation is completed. A fire permit is valid only on the day it is issued; if the location where fire is used changes, the permit procedure must be repeated. 15. The working distance between oxygen cylinders and acetylene cylinders should be no less than 5 m, and the distance between these cylinders and any open flame should be no less than 10 m. The storage of oxygen cylinders and acetylene cylinders is prohibited in construction sites, as is the use of liquefied petroleum gas cylinders. 16. The storage and use of construction materials shall comply with fire safety requirements. The warehouse should be constructed using non-combustible materials. Flammable and explosive materials require strict fire prevention measures; they should be stored in dedicated warehouses, kept separate by category, in well-ventilated areas, equipped with fire extinguishing devices, and a person responsible for fire safety should be assigned to ensure construction safety. It is prohibited to mix paints and raw materials inside the construction site or warehouse. 17. It is prohibited to erect temporary structures or pile up flammable materials under high-voltage overhead lines. 18. The construction site shall not be used as a warehouse, nor shall any flammable or combustible materials be stored there. Any combustible materials that must be brought onto the site for construction purposes shall be introduced in quantities limited by the construction plan, and reliable fire prevention measures must be taken. Waste materials should be removed promptly. 19. Smoking is strictly prohibited at the construction site. Dormitories shall not be established within construction projects. 20. Electric heating appliances shall not be used at the construction site and living areas without the approval of the security department. The use of open flames for insulation work in construction sites, as well as for heating in dormitories, is strictly prohibited. 21. When carrying out dangerous tasks such as painting or waterproofing, specific fire prevention measures must be in place, and supervision personnel should be assigned if necessary. 22. The layout of living areas must comply with fire safety regulations. The use of flammable materials for construction is strictly prohibited; smoking in beds is not allowed in dormitories. If a room is occupied by 20 people or more, at least two safety exits must be provided ； When there are 100 or more residents, fire safety exits and evacuation plans must be in place. 23. The electricity usage in living areas must comply with fire safety regulations. The use of fire must be approved by the security department. The fuel used in the cafeteria must comply with relevant regulations; the fire source and the fuel cannot be in the same room. There must be a dedicated person to oversee its use, and the main switch should be turned off when the fire is not in use. Regular checks should be carried out to detect any leaks. 24. The construction site should clearly demarcate areas for fire-related operations, such as storage areas for flammable and combustible materials, warehouses, sites where flammable waste is collected, and living areas. Hot work at construction sites must be subject to an approval system based on different risk levels. (1) For level 1 hot work, the administrative head of the respective unit shall fill out a hot work application form and prepare a safety and technical measures plan; only after it has been reviewed and approved by the company’s safety department may the hot work be carried out. The period for working with fire is 1 day. Any of the following situations constitutes a Class 1 hot work operation: 1) In areas where welding is prohibited ； 2) Oil tanks, fuel tanks, tank trucks, and containers that have stored flammable or combustible gases, as well as the auxiliary equipment connected to them ； 3) Various pressurized equipment ； 4) Welding and cutting operations at heights with high risks ； 5) Places with relatively good sealing, such as indoors, inside containers, basements, etc ； 6) Locations with large quantities of combustible and flammable materials. (2) For level 2 hot work, the person in charge of the construction site shall fill out a hot work application form and prepare a safety and technical measures plan; only after it has been reviewed and approved by the competent department of the unit can the hot work be carried out. The period for working with fire is 3 days. Second-level hot work applies in any of the following situations: 1) Conducting temporary welding, cutting, or similar operations in areas that pose certain risks but are not designated as no-fire zones ； 2) Containers such as small fuel tanks ； 3) Welding and cutting operations at heights. (3) For level 3 hot work, the relevant team shall fill out a hot work application form; hot work may only be carried out after it has been reviewed and approved by the site supervisor. The duration for hot work is 7 days. Hot work conducted in non-designated areas where there are no obvious hazard factors is classified as Level 3 hot work.

1. Control of the heat source, one of the three elements of combustion; 2. Sealing of combustible materials； 3. Installation of explosion-proof facilities 4. Installation of fire fighting and rescue facilities

1. Clean the oil residue at the device site thoroughly. 2. In the case of leaks in flammable and explosive gases and liquids, leaks should be prevented by installing blind plates or pipe caps. 3. Isolate and purge the process pipelines during the shutdown period. 4. Static discharge devices should be installed in areas prone to fire and explosion; employees are strictly prohibited from wearing synthetic clothing to prevent the generation of static electricity. 5. When opening and closing valves, use explosion-proof wrenches; it is strictly prohibited to strike or rub pipelines, equipment, etc. during use. 6. During on-site welding operations of the equipment, it is strictly prohibited to release flammable and explosive liquids or gases; the high-temperature welding slag generated during welding work at heights must be covered with fire-resistant materials.