Considerations for selecting a vulcanizing agent

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At lower reaction temperatures, it decomposes to produce H2S, which facilitates the smooth progress of catalyst pre-sulfurization and improves the sulfuration effect. A higher sulfur content is necessary in order to reduce the amount of sulfurizing agent used and to avoid any adverse effects from other elements on the sulfuration process. The sulfurizing agent is inexpensive, has low toxicity, and is safe to use. At lower reaction temperatures, it decomposes to produce H2S, which facilitates the smooth progress of catalyst pre-sulfurization and improves the sulfuration effect. A higher sulfur content is necessary in order to reduce the amount of sulfurizing agent used and to avoid any adverse effects from other elements on the sulfuration process. The sulfurizing agent is inexpensive, has low toxicity, and is safe to use. Reaction equations for catalyst pre-sulfurization: ① CS2 + 4H2 → 2H2S + CH4 or (CH3)2S2 + 3H2 → 2H2S + 2CH4; ② MoO3 + 2H2S + H2 → MoS2 + 3H2O; ③ 3NiO + 2H2S + H2 → Ni3S2 + 3H2O; ④ 9CoO + 8H2S + H2 → Co9S8 + 9H2O; ⑤ WO3 + 2H2S + H2 → WS2 + 3H2O. Based on these sulfuration reactions, along with the amount of hydrogenation catalyst used and the content of relevant metals in each catalyst, it is possible to estimate the theoretical amount of sulfur required for catalyst pre-sulfurization. The reserve amount of sulfurizing agent is generally set at 1.25 times the theoretical amount of sulfur required for catalyst pre-sulfurization