Hazard factors during the commissioning of hydrogenation units

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1. Drying and baking of the hydrogenation reaction system
The purpose of drying and baking the reaction system in a hydrogenation unit is to remove moisture from within the system, eliminate free water and crystallization water from the refractory materials of the heater, sinter the refractory materials, and thereby increase their strength and service life. When heating the coal furnace, the equipment must be supplied with fuel gas. Prior to introducing the fuel gas, thorough gas-tightness and isolation measures must be taken; generally, the oxygen content in the fuel gas should be less than 1.0%. Prevent gas leakage and migration to other systems. When lighting a heating furnace, the furnace chamber must be thoroughly purged with steam to ensure that no flammable gases remain. When heating the furnace, the temperature should be raised and lowered strictly in accordance with the furnace drying curve, to avoid rapid temperature increases that could cause the moisture in the refractory materials to evaporate quickly and lead to the collapse of the furnace walls. 2. Catalyst loading in the hydrogenation reactor: The catalyst should be loaded strictly in accordance with the specified loading procedure. The quality of catalyst loading has a significant impact on the operation and service life of the hydrogenation unit. Before loading the catalyst, the reactor and its internal components should be carefully inspected, as well as the condition of the catalyst dust, to determine whether the catalyst needs to be sieved. Catalyst loading is preferably carried out on dry and sunny days to ensure even distribution of the catalyst; otherwise, flow imbalances or \"hot spots\" may occur in the reactor during operation, affecting the proper functioning of the plant. When loading the catalyst, workers need to enter the reactor to carry out the work; therefore, special attention must be paid to the protection of these workers and to their safety. They must wear protective clothing and breathing masks that can supply oxygen or air. Workers entering the reactor are not allowed to bring any other items, in order to prevent foreign objects from falling into the reactor (usually, catalyst loading is carried out by professional personnel from specialized companies). 3. Purging of the hydrogenation reaction system The purging of the hydrogenation reaction system is carried out in two stages: first, the air environment is replaced with a nitrogen environment, and then the nitrogen environment is replaced with a hydrogen environment. When replacing the air environment with a nitrogen environment, it is important to note that after the replacement, the oxygen content in the system should