What hydraulic oil should be used for the Fushimi piston pumps in construction machinery?

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Hydraulic oil plays a role in hydraulic systems that is analogous to that of blood in our human body; its importance is self-evident. As we all know, when transfusing blood in hospitals, attention is also paid to certain blood types. Similarly, when choosing hydraulic oil for Nippon Sharyo piston pumps, it is necessary to consider the type of hydraulic oil as well. What kind of hydraulic oil should be used for Nippon Sharyo piston pumps applied in construction machinery? Let’s take a look. 1) Environmental conditions: primarily environmental temperature ； (2) Working conditions: Niigata oil pump type, operating pressure, temperature, speed, compatibility of oil with metals, seals, and coatings, system operation cycle, and working characteristics, etc ； (3) Properties of hydraulic oil: physical and chemical parameters, performance characteristics, and other features of the oil ； (4) Cost-effectiveness: the price of the oil product, its service life, etc. ?After selecting an appropriate hydraulic oil, proper management and maintenance during use are very important; the following points should be noted. ①Prevent hydraulic oil from becoming contaminated: The greatest hazard of contaminants is that they cause corrosion of equipment, clog filters and orifices, accelerate the aging of the oil, and lead to corrosion of components ； ②Prevent air from entering: The presence of air can cause cavitation and noise, as well as accelerate the deterioration of hydraulic oil, affecting its performance ； ③Prevent moisture from entering: The intrusion of cooling water and steam can cause corrosion of the metals in the hydraulic system, accelerate the deterioration of the oil, and reduce the lubricating properties of the hydraulic fluid ； ?④ Control the operating temperature of the hydraulic oil: For mineral-based hydraulic oils, they can operate continuously at temperatures between 50 and 65°C, with a maximum operating temperature of 120 to 140°C. An increase in oil temperature accelerates the oxidation and deterioration of hydraulic oil, while the acidic substances produced by oxidation cause corrosion to metal components. 1. Criteria for selecting hydraulic oil for construction machinery: ① Different hydraulic components have minimum requirements regarding the hydraulic oil to be used. Therefore, when selecting hydraulic oil, it is necessary to pay attention to the type of hydraulic components, as well as the compatibility of the sealing materials and coatings or paints used with the hydraulic oil. This ensures proper lubrication of all moving parts, allowing the components to reach their designed lifespan and meet the required performance standards. The Niigata oil pump is one of the components most sensitive to the viscosity and viscosity-temperature properties of hydraulic oil; therefore, the requirements of the pump in the system regarding hydraulic oil are often used as an important criterion for selecting the appropriate hydraulic oil (except in systems with servo valves). ②The higher the requirements for the speed of the actuator, system pressure, and the precision of the mechanism’s movements under operational conditions, the greater the demands on the wear resistance and load-bearing capacity of the hydraulic oil. Depending on the system’s possible operating temperature, continuous operation time, and the hygiene conditions of the working environment, when selecting oil it is necessary to pay attention to its viscosity, high-temperature performance, and thermal stability, in order to reduce the formation and accumulation of sludge and similar substances. ③The size of the fuel tank: the smaller the tank, the higher the requirements regarding the oil’s antioxidant stability, extreme pressure and anti-wear properties, as well as its ability to release air and filter impurities. ④The hydraulic oil should be selected appropriately based on the environmental temperature conditions, such as when construction machinery is used underground, on water, indoors, outdoors, in cold regions, or in areas with significant temperature fluctuations; it also depends on whether there are high-temperature heat sources or open flames in the vicinity. If there are no open flames in the vicinity, the operating temperature is below 60°C, and the load is light, ordinary hydraulic oil can be used. If the equipment needs to start at very low temperatures, low-viscosity hydraulic oil must be used. ⑤Final determination of hydraulic oil: After the hydraulic oil has been initially selected, it is necessary to check its source, viscosity, quality, operating characteristics, range of application, as well as its compatibility with the materials used in the system and components, to ensure that all specifications meet the requirements for use. ⑥In terms of cost-effectiveness, it is necessary to take into account factors such as the price of hydraulic oil, its service life, as well as the operational cycle of the hydraulic system and its maintenance, focusing on brands that offer good economic benefits. In summary, if the quality of the hydraulic oil is satisfactory, when the moving speed of the system’s actuators is high, the flow rate of the oil also increases, resulting in greater hydraulic losses; however, leakage decreases relatively, so it is advisable to use oil with a lower viscosity ； Conversely, when the oil flow rate is low, the leakage amount increases relatively, which affects the movement speed of the working mechanism; therefore, it is advisable to use oil with a higher viscosity. Generally, when the working pressure is high, it is advisable to use hydraulic oil with a high viscosity, as addressing leakage issues under high pressure takes priority over overcoming its viscosity resistance ； When the working pressure is low, it is advisable to use oil with a low viscosity. When the ambient temperature is high, oil with a higher viscosity should be used; conversely, oil with a lower viscosity should be used.