Is this cavitation?
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To adjust the water pressure, close the inlet valve.
Based on the clarity of the current photos, it appears that scaling and corrosion are the main issues; cavitation is not visible. It is recommended to take a photo of the blades of the impeller in order to make a judgment.
To regulate the flow and pressure of a centrifugal pump, the inlet valve should be kept fully open, and it is proper to use the outlet valve for control and adjustment. Your operation is incorrect. Additionally, based on the image, it seems that the medium in your water pump contains a high amount of hard impurities, which causes impact wear on the pump. For reference.
It’s likely due to cavitation, but it may not be the main cause.
Is this called a single-stage centrifugal pump? Is it marinated in brine? Water is highly corrosive to pump impellers; use copper impellers instead
Just from the appearance, it’s not cavitation. The metal surfaces where cavitation occurs are pitted and not smooth, resembling the cross-section of a broken corn tortilla. I’ll try to find a photo to show you.
Cavitation rarely reaches the outlet area, unless there is severe cavitation; in such cases, corrosion and wear are even more pronounced
The operational and installation requirements for centrifugal pumps are that the inlet pipeline must be equal to or larger than the pump’s inlet diameter; adjusting the inlet valve in an improper manner can easily lead to cavitation. However, based on the images, no signs of cavitation were observed.