Ammonia is also an efficient carrier for hydrogen energy; how can hydrogen be separated from ammonia? ? ?
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“The “iron-ruthenium relay catalysis” ammonia synthesis technology provides an entirely new approach for the industry to achieve energy savings and reduced consumption. At the same time, ammonia is an efficient carrier for hydrogen energy (1 liter of liquid ammonia is equivalent to 2.2 liters of hydrogen at 700 MPa, or 1200 liters of hydrogen at normal pressure). It can connect the traditional chemical industry with the hydrogen energy industry, and will play a vital role in helping China’s synthetic ammonia industry reduce energy consumption and improve efficiency. It will also make significant contributions to achieving a diversified energy structure as well as ensuring food security and energy security. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- China’s first self-developed ammonia synthesis technology based on \"iron-ruthenium relay catalysis\" has passed the evaluation for scientific and technological achievements. https://bbs.hcbbs.com/thread-3018565-1-1.html (Source: Huahai Chuanliu – Haichuan Chemical Industry Forum Website)
Since hydrogen can cause ordinary natural gas stainless-steel pipelines to become brittle (and requires high pressure), the hydrogen industry needs a completely new pipeline infrastructure. Furthermore, hydrogen is a medium with low energy density, so very special storage systems are also required to ensure efficiency. This usually means that hydrogen needs to be stored at high pressures of 350–700 bar (5000–10000 psi). Liquid hydrogen has a temperature of -252.8°C (-423°F), and at this temperature it ‘absorbs’ metals, turning them into hydrides and other impurities, which causes the material to become brittle. By combining hydrogen and nitrogen to form ammonia (NH3), many of the aforementioned problems are easily resolved. CSIRO’s system, on the other hand, is capable of storing hydrogen energy in chemical form as ammonia, thereby enabling its transportation over longer distances; it can then be easily converted into high-purity hydrogen suitable for powering fuel cell vehicles upon arrival at the destination. Ammonia can be stored at room temperature and has been widely transported for many years. Given Australia’s intention to become a major exporter of hydrogen energy, using catalysts to produce hydrogen easily is undoubtedly an excellent solution. The last thing to consider is how to recover hydrogen with high enough purity. CSIRO’s approach is to utilize “membrane reactor” technology and integrate it into a modular unit that can be installed and put into use at the time of delivery, such as at hydrogen refueling stations for fuel cell vehicles.
There are still likely many detailed issues in large-scale implementation