[Haichuan Chemical Industry Site] Fushun Hunhe Tunnel of the Daqing to Dalian Oil Pipeline

“The \"83\" pipeline refers to the decision made by the State Council in 1970 to utilize the reserve resources of the Daqing Oil Field ahead of schedule, and to allocate funds for building pipelines to transport crude oil from Daqing. The first such pipeline was the Qingfu Line, which connected Daqing to Fushun. This pipeline starts in Maoxing, Zhaoyuan County in Heilongjiang Province, crosses the Nen River, and then heads south through Songyuan, Nong’an, Changchun, Gongzhuling, Lishu, and Siping in Jilin Province. It enters Changtu in Liaoning Province, passes through Tieling, and finally reaches Fushun. The terminal is located in Kangletun, Fushun, and branch lines are used to supply oil to Fushun Oil Plant No. 1, No. 2, and No. 3. The Qingfu pipeline is 596.8 kilometers in length, of which 558.6 kilometers consist of pipelines with a diameter of 720 millimeters. Construction began in September 1970, trial operation started in August 1971, and oil transportation commenced officially on October 31. It is the first long-distance, large-diameter pipeline in the country for transporting \"high-sulfur, high-density, and high-temperature\" crude oil, and it is also China’s earliest strategic-grade crude oil pipeline. “The Hunhe Tunnel is part of the Qingfu line.

This project was carried out to transport Daqing crude oil via pipelines to the northeast and north China, so that the machinery in various factories and mines could continue to operate properly when there were disruptions in railway-based oil transportation. As the head of the \"83 Project\" team, Xiao Quanfu personally went to the places where experts were held, such as the detention camps and labor reform farms, to select the relevant technical experts. He also sought approval from the leaders of the Shenyang Military Region and submitted a request to the Central Committee; as a result, 10 infantry divisions, 3 engineering regiments, 2 pontoon battalion, along with some special forces units specializing in communications, surveying, diving, etc., were quickly deployed to work on the \"83 Project\". Leading the team with the revolutionary spirit of the Daqing Oil Field campaign – which emphasized that one must proceed even if conditions are not ideal, and that conditions must be created if necessary – he educated and motivated the construction workforce, introducing two slogans: \"Seize, forge ahead, excel\" and \"Borrow, delegate, advance funds.\" Over the course of 6 years, more than 200,000 people were involved in this project

The entrance to the tunnel resembles a shaft in a coal mine; there is a gentle slope after entering through the opening. As it has been abandoned for many years to prevent anyone from entering, broken bricks and splintered wood are piled up on the ground, and light bulbs that have fallen from the ceiling of the tunnel were also found there. The most characteristic element is likely the cement panels painted red on the walls on both sides of the cave, with the words \"Never forget the class struggle\" written on them. Going further in, I saw that the path ahead was blocked by wooden planks, with a gap in the middle; it was possible to pass through that broken plank. After passing through the wooden plank, the tunnel began to curve; inside that section it was extremely dark, and the light from the phone wasn’t enough to illuminate the path. All that could be seen was water on the ground, along with the sound of flowing water, indicating that they had reached the bottom of the Hun River. The sound of flowing water is not that of water on the surface of a river; it’s likely that due to lack of maintenance over time, there are leaks in the tunnel, and the muddy water is seeping into it. It was dangerous ahead, so we turned back the way we came. Our exploration of the southern entrance of the Hunhe Tunnel ends here; no pipelines or any equipment as mentioned in the description were found.

According to the \"Fushun Municipal Infrastructure Construction Chronicle,\" the \"Hunhe Tunnel\" has two entrances, one in the north and one in the south, which indicates that the northern entrance indeed exists but has not yet been discovered. Regarding Beidongkou, in a report from 2012, reporter Li Ping quoted Mr. Peng, a local resident, who said, “If you enter through this entrance (referring to Nandongkou), cross the Hun River, and then head in a northwest direction, there is an exit at Qiangebu. There was lighting equipment inside, the passage was about 500 meters long, the surface was flat, and the temperature inside was warm in winter and cool in summer!” Following Mr. Peng’s directions, reporter Li Ping tried to reach Qiangebu, but was unable to find the exact location of the northwest exit; when he asked several local elders, they all said they didn’t know. Before looking for the north entrance, I asked reporter Li Ping, who said he guessed that the north entrance had already been filled in. The author is skeptical about this. It was at this time that the author found a paper on the renovation of the Hunhe Tunnel, which pointed the way to finding the northern entrance. This paper, titled \"Renovation of the Hunhe River Tunnel Section of the Tieling-Fushun Oil Pipeline,\" was published in 2001. The author wrote it because corrosion-induced perforations occurred in 2000 at the junction between the lower part of the northward inclined tunnel and the main tunnel. To ensure the safe and stable operation of Fushun Oil Plant No. 1 and No. 3, China National Petroleum Pipeline Corporation approved the renovation of the pipeline in the Hunhe River Tunnel section, formulating new design plans for the pipeline layout and construction requirements. As can be seen from the pipeline layout plan, the orientation of the northern and southern entrances of the \"Hunhe Tunnel\" is exactly opposite to each other: the northern entrance faces northwest.

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