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In addition to its lubricating function, engine oil also serves purposes such as cleaning, cooling, rust prevention, sealing, oxidation resistance, and shock absorption. Cleaning effect: The cleaning effect refers to the removal of contaminants such as carbon and oil produced by combustion, either by breaking down these contaminants within the oil or by using oil filters to eliminate them. Engine oil cleans the engine and removes impurities remaining in the filters, protecting metal surfaces from corrosion caused by acids formed during combustion. At the same time, engine oil can also carry away combustion residues (carbon deposits), as well as the combustion or oxidation products of lubricating oil (sludge at low temperatures), which then settle rapidly to the bottom of the oil pan. Therefore, oil appears as a dark, murky substance, and it is impossible to determine its quality merely by visual inspection. Cooling effect: The cooling effect, as the name implies, is the function of cooling the engine. Engine oil helps the cooling system (such as water, radiators, water pumps, the cooling circulation system, and the airflow passing through the engine and oil pan) to remove the heat generated by the pistons. When cooling the piston, gasoline must be injected from the opposite side. Therefore, engine oil must have excellent cooling properties and be able to withstand high temperatures. Rust prevention: Rust prevention aims to stop rust from forming; just as oil is applied to knives and similar items, the metal parts inside an engine also need to be protected from rust. All of this is thanks to another important property of lubricants – their water resistance – which enables engine oil to effectively prevent rust in the engine. Sealing function: The sealing function of engine oil is to seal the engine’s pistons and cylinders. This level of sealing is very important as it helps to prevent air leakage from the cylinders, ensures the effective generation of power by the engine, and improves the vehicle’s performance. That is, it involves dropping engine oil into the gap between the piston and the cylinder, in order to maintain cylinder pressure. Antioxidant effect: Engine oil provides comprehensive protection for all components of the engine. The high temperatures generated by the engine accelerate the oxidation of engine oil; therefore, engine oil must have excellent antioxidant properties to maintain its normal viscosity over a certain oil change interval, thereby ensuring that all components of the engine function properly. Buffering effect: Engine oil can withstand certain impact loads transmitted from the bearings, acting as a buffer and thereby reducing to some extent the impact forces between the bearings and other engine components.