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I. In terms of application scope: Electronic universal testing machines are widely used in various industries such as metals, non-metals, composite materials, pharmaceuticals, food, wood, copper, aluminum, plastic profiles, wires and cables, paper, films, rubber, textiles, and aerospace to test tensile property parameters. Additionally, various test data processing software and testing aids can be developed according to domestic and international standards provided by the users. Digital display electronic universal testing machines are suitable for users who only need data such as force values, tensile strength, and compressive strength. If you need to obtain more complex parameters, a microcomputer-controlled electronic universal testing machine is a better choice for you. In terms of cost-performance, electronic universal testing machines under 30T have an advantage. Hydraulic universal testing machines are primarily used to conduct mechanical property tests such as tensile, compressive, and bending tests on metals, non-metallic materials, as well as various parts, components, and structures. The hydraulic universal testing machine is an ideal testing device for mechanical testing laboratories in industrial and mining enterprises, construction and building materials industries, quality inspection centers, water resources and hydropower sectors, bridge engineering projects, research institutions, and colleges and universities. Manually controlled hydraulic universal testing machines are inexpensive and suitable for finished product inspection in industrial and mining enterprises, as well as for testing the properties of individual materials. The electro-hydraulic servo universal material testing machine is suitable for laboratories that require high standards in steel and building materials testing. Electro-hydraulic servo universal material testing machines with a capacity of over 30T offer better price advantages compared to electronic universal testing machines. II. In terms of structural characteristics: Electronic universal testing machines primarily use servo motors as the power source, with lead screws and nuts serving as the actuating components to control the speed of the moving beam of the testing machine. In terms of drive control, there are currently two main types: synchronous belts and reducers. In China, manufacturers of testing machines in the Changchun area mostly use synchronous belts, while those in Hongshan tend to use reducers. Its advantages and disadvantages still need to be explored, but none of them affect user usage. In force measurement, electronic universal testing machines all use load sensors. As the name implies, a hydraulic universal testing machine uses a high-pressure hydraulic source as its power source. Manual valves, servo valves, or proportional valves are used as control elements for control. Conventional hydraulic universal testing machines can only apply load manually; they belong to open-loop control systems. Due to cost considerations, force sensors in such machines are usually hydraulic pressure sensors. Electro-hydraulic servo universal material testing machines use servo valves or proportional valves as control elements for operation, and some domestic manufacturers have also adopted high-precision load sensors for force measurement. III. In terms of performance: Electronic universal testing machines do not require an oil supply. Therefore, it is cleaner and easier to use and maintain. Its testing speed range can be adjusted; the testing speed can range from 0.001 mm/min to 1000 mm/min, with a speed ratio of up to 1 million times. The testing stroke can also be set as desired, offering greater flexibility. It offers high force measurement accuracy, with some models achieving 0.2% precision. It is small in size and light in weight, yet provides sufficient space to accommodate additional devices needed for conducting various material mechanics tests. It truly achieves multiple uses with a single device. The electronic universal testing machines produced by the mainstream testing machine manufacturers in China today are all capable of achieving what is known as three-loop control: load control, strain control, and displacement control. The hydraulic universal testing machine has a low testing speed due to the limitations imposed by the flow rate of the oil supply. Manual hydraulic universal testing machines are relatively easy to operate and inexpensive, but they have lower control precision. Electro-hydraulic servo universal testing machines, compared to electronic universal testing machines, have control accuracy that is not inferior; aside from lower speed, the force measurement accuracy of these machines equipped with load sensors and microcomputer control can also reach around 0.5%. Moreover, it is more reliable, more stable, and offers better cost-performance when conducting large-scale material mechanics tests.