What are the main steps in cooling water treatment?

There is cleaning, pre-coating, and daily maintenance.

1. Scale inhibitor: A chemical that prevents or delays the deposition of insoluble salts in water. 2. Dispersant: A substance that suspends and disperses the particles that precipitate in water. 3. Corrosion inhibitors: Agents that suppress or delay the metal corrosion process. 4. Biocides: Agents used to kill organisms in water. 5. Coating agent: A chemical used in circulating cooling water systems to form a protective film on metal surfaces. 6. Stripping agent: A chemical substance that enables the removal of Nengneng Biology and the sludge it produces from the metal surfaces of heat exchange equipment or the walls of cooling towers. 7. Surfactants: Agents that can significantly reduce the surface tension of liquids. 8. Defoamer: A surfactant used to eliminate the foam that forms during water treatment.

1) Scale inhibitor: A chemical substance that prevents or delays the deposition of insoluble salts in water. 2) Add a dispersant: A substance that suspends and disperses the particles that precipitate in water. 3) Add corrosion inhibitors: Agents that inhibit or delay the metal corrosion process. 4) Biocides: Agents used to kill organisms in water. 5) Pre-coating agent: A chemical used in circulating cooling water systems to form a protective film on metal surfaces. 6) Add a stripping agent: A chemical that enables the biofilm and the sludge it forms to be removed from the metal surface of heat exchange equipment or the walls of cooling towers. 7) Add surfactant: A substance that can significantly reduce the surface tension of liquids. 8) Antifoaming agent: A surfactant used to eliminate the foam that forms during water treatment.

In developed countries, the reuse rate of industrial water has reached 80%-90%, while the water concentration ratio has reached 6-8 times. In our country, the water utilization rate is on average less than 50%, and the concentration ratio of recycled cooling water is mostly in the range of 2 to 3 times. From the perspective of energy and water conservation, this represents a huge waste of resources; it also increases pollution of water quality in the environment. Therefore, improving water utilization and reducing environmental pollution have become a major challenge in industrial water treatment today. 1 Single polyphosphate treatment method: This is a water treatment technique that was widely used in the United States during the 1950s and 1960s, while it was not adopted in China until the late 1970s. The disadvantage of this method is that polyphosphates have poor thermal stability and are prone to hydrolysis; they form Ca3(PO4)2 precipitates with Ca2+ in water, thereby reducing the corrosion and scale-inhibition properties of polyphosphates. Furthermore, polyphosphates have a low threshold for effectiveness; therefore, a higher concentration is required to maintain their therapeutic effects. Phosphates are also nutrients that cause severe environmental pollution – large amounts of them released can accelerate the rapid growth of algae in water, leading to the consumption of large amounts of dissolved oxygen, and as a result, aquatic organisms die due to lack of oxygen. The current environmental pollution caused by phosphorus has drawn the attention of countries around the world. Therefore, the use of a single phosphate treatment method has gradually been phased out. 2 Organic phosphate treatment methods: In the late 1970s, China developed various organic phosphorus-based scale inhibitors such as hexethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (HEDP) and aminotrimethylenephosphonic acid (ATMP), which have since been widely used. The advantages of organophosphorus-based agents are their good chemical and thermal stability, resistance to hydrolysis, ability to form stable complexes with divalent metal ions, and excellent scale-inhibiting performance at temperatures below 200°C. However, the effects of using these agents alone are not very satisfactory; their corrosion-inhibiting performance on copper-based equipment is poor. Moreover, the phosphorus content per unit weight remains high, and large-scale discharge poses a significant strain on the environment as well. In recent years, this pesticide has also been gradually replaced by low-phosphorus, fully organic formula pesticides. 3 Fully organic formulation treatment method: This chemical is the most commonly used method for circulating water treatment at present. The agent molecules contain various functional groups such as succinic acid groups, acetate groups, sulfonic acid groups, and phosphoric acid groups, which confer excellent dispersing properties on substances like CaCO3, Ca3(PO4)2, CaSO4, and iron oxide that are dissolved in water. It also has good water solubility, and its performance is particularly outstanding when combined with zinc salts. 4. New generation of lin series treatment agents: The new generation of lin series corrosion and scale inhibition agents are water treatment chemicals with low phosphorus content that have been developed in recent years; examples include phosphophthalic oxalic acid (POCA) and polyamino polyether methylene phosphonic acid (PAPEMP), which were developed in the late 1990s. These agents exhibit good tolerance to calcium, as shown in Tables 1 and 2. It can be seen that the new phosphorus-based corrosion and scale inhibition agent possesses excellent scale inhibition properties. 5 Green and environmentally friendly water treatment methods: Although organic phosphates are low in toxicity and not easily decomposed, their long-term discharge still has a certain impact on the environment. To this end, people have begun developing phosphorus-free water treatment agents that cause less environmental pollution. Polyaspartic acid is a new type of phosphorus-free scale inhibitor that has been introduced to the market. Its advantage lies in its superior scale-inhibiting performance against calcium carbonate and calcium sulfate compared to polyacrylic acid, and it can be completely degraded in the environment. Currently, companies such as Donaldson in the United States, Bayer in Germany, and Rom-Haas in the United States are all competing to develop and produce such medications. However, this agent is not as suitable for a wide range of water qualities as phosphorus-based agents, and it still has certain limitations.